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Thomas G. Lockhart 1999-05-04 02:24:26 +00:00
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doc/src/sgml/manage.sgml
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<Chapter Id="manage"> <Chapter Id="manage">
<Title>Managing a Database</Title> <Title>Managing a Database</Title>
<Para> <Note>
<Note> <Para>
<Para> This section is currently a thinly disguised copy of the
This section is currently a thinly disguised copy of the Tutorial. Needs to be augmented. Tutorial. Needs to be augmented.
- thomas 1998-01-12 - thomas 1998-01-12
</Para> </Para>
</Note> </Note>
</Para>
<Para> <Para>
Although the <FirstTerm>site administrator</FirstTerm> is responsible for overall management Although the <FirstTerm>site administrator</FirstTerm> is responsible for overall management
of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation, some databases within the of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> installation, some databases within the
installation may be managed by another person, installation may be managed by another person,
designated the <FirstTerm>database administrator</FirstTerm>. designated the <FirstTerm>database administrator</FirstTerm>.
This assignment of responsibilities occurs when a database is created. This assignment of responsibilities occurs when a database is created.
A user may be assigned explicit privileges to create databases and/or to create new users. A user may be assigned explicit privileges to create databases and/or to create new users.
A user assigned both privileges can perform most administrative task A user assigned both privileges can perform most administrative task
within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, but will within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, but will
not by default have the same operating system privileges as the site administrator. not by default have the same operating system privileges as the site administrator.
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
The Database Administrator's Guide covers these topics in more detail. The Database Administrator's Guide covers these topics in more detail.
</Para> </Para>
<Sect1> <Sect1>
<Title>Database Creation</Title> <Title>Database Creation</Title>
<Para> <Para>
Databases are created by the <Command>create database</Command> issued from Databases are created by the <Command>create database</Command> issued from
within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. <Application>createdb</Application> is a command-line within <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. <Application>createdb</Application> is a command-line
utility provided to give the same functionality from outside <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. utility provided to give the same functionality from outside <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> backend must be running for either method The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> backend must be running for either method
to succeed, and the user issuing the command must be the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> to succeed, and the user issuing the command must be the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
<FirstTerm>superuser</FirstTerm> or have been assigned database creation privileges by the <FirstTerm>superuser</FirstTerm> or have been assigned database creation privileges by the
superuser. superuser.
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
To create a new database named <Quote>mydb</Quote> from the command line, type To create a new database named <Quote>mydb</Quote> from the command line, type
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
% createdb mydb % createdb mydb
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
* CREATE DATABASE mydb; * CREATE DATABASE mydb;
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
the following: the following:
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
% createdb mydb % createdb mydb
WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
createdb: database creation failed on mydb. createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create any number of databases <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> allows you to create any number of databases
at a given site and you automatically become the at a given site and you automatically become the
database administrator of the database you just created. database administrator of the database you just created.
Database names must have an alphabetic first Database names must have an alphabetic first
character and are limited to 32 characters in length. character and are limited to 32 characters in length.
</Para> </Para>
</Sect1> </Sect1>
<Sect1> <Sect1>
<Title>Alternate Database Locations</Title> <Title>Alternate Database Locations</Title>
<Para> <Para>
It is possible to create a database in a location other than the default It is possible to create a database in a location other than the default
location for the installation. Remember that all database access actually location for the installation. Remember that all database access actually
occurs through the database backend, so that any location specified must occurs through the database backend, so that any location specified must
be accessible by the backend. be accessible by the backend.
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
Alternate database locations are created and referenced by an environment variable Alternate database locations are created and referenced by an environment variable
which gives the absolute path to the intended storage location. which gives the absolute path to the intended storage location.
This environment variable must have been defined before the backend was started This environment variable must have been defined before the backend was started
and the location it points to must be writable by the postgres administrator account. and the location it points to must be writable by the postgres administrator account.
Consult with the site administrator Consult with the site administrator
regarding preconfigured alternate database locations. regarding preconfigured alternate database locations.
Any valid environment variable name may be used to reference an alternate location, Any valid environment variable name may be used to reference an alternate location,
although using variable names with a prefix of <quote>PGDATA</quote> is recommended although using variable names with a prefix of <quote>PGDATA</quote> is recommended
to avoid confusion to avoid confusion
and conflict with other variables. and conflict with other variables.
</Para> </Para>
<Note> <Note>
<Para> <Para>
In previous versions of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, In previous versions of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>,
it was also permissable to use an absolute path name to specify it was also permissable to use an absolute path name to specify
an alternate storage location. an alternate storage location.
Although the environment variable style of specification Although the environment variable style of specification
is to be preferred since it allows the site administrator more flexibility in is to be preferred since it allows the site administrator more flexibility in
managing disk storage, it is also possible to use an absolute path managing disk storage, it is also possible to use an absolute path
to specify an alternate location. to specify an alternate location.
The administrator's guide discusses how to enable this feature. The administrator's guide discusses how to enable this feature.
</Para> </Para>
</Note> </Note>
<Para> <Para>
For security and integrity reasons, For security and integrity reasons,
any path or environment variable specified has some any path or environment variable specified has some
additional path fields appended. additional path fields appended.
</Para> Alternate database locations must be prepared by running
<Application>initlocation</Application>.
</Para>
<Para> <Para>
Alternate database locations must be prepared by running To create a data storage area using the environment variable
<Application>initlocation</Application>. <envar>PGDATA2</envar> (for this example set to <filename>/alt/postgres</filename>),
</Para> ensure that <FileName>/alt/postgres</FileName> already exists and is writable by
the Postgres administrator account.
<Para> Then, from the command line, type
To create a data storage area using the environment variable <ProgramListing>
<envar>PGDATA2</envar> (for this example set to <filename>/alt/postgres</filename>),
ensure that <FileName>/alt/postgres</FileName> already exists and is writable by
the Postgres administrator account.
Then, from the command line, type
<ProgramListing>
% initlocation $PGDATA2 % initlocation $PGDATA2
Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data
Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data/base Creating Postgres database system directory /alt/postgres/data/base
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
To create a database in the alternate storage area <envar>PGDATA2</envar> To create a database in the alternate storage area <envar>PGDATA2</envar>
from the command line, use the following command: from the command line, use the following command:
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
% createdb -D PGDATA2 mydb % createdb -D PGDATA2 mydb
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
To do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type and to do the same from within <Application>psql</Application> type
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
* CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH LOCATION = 'PGDATA2'; * CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH LOCATION = 'PGDATA2';
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see If you do not have the privileges required to create a database, you will see
the following: the following:
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
% createdb mydb % createdb mydb
WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases WARN:user "your username" is not allowed to create/destroy databases
createdb: database creation failed on mydb. createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
<Para> <Para>
If the specified location does not exist or the database backend does not have If the specified location does not exist or the database backend does not have
permission to access it or to write to directories under it, you will see permission to access it or to write to directories under it, you will see
the following: the following:
<ProgramListing> <ProgramListing>
% createdb -D /alt/postgres/data mydb % createdb -D /alt/postgres/data mydb
ERROR: Unable to create database directory /alt/postgres/data/base/mydb ERROR: Unable to create database directory /alt/postgres/data/base/mydb
createdb: database creation failed on mydb. createdb: database creation failed on mydb.
</ProgramListing> </ProgramListing>
</Para> </Para>
</Sect1> </Sect1>
<Sect1> <Sect1>
<Title>Accessing a Database</Title> <Title>Accessing a Database</Title>
@ -296,3 +292,20 @@ TBD
</Sect1> </Sect1>
</Chapter> </Chapter>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode: sgml
sgml-omittag:nil
sgml-shorttag:t
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:"/usr/lib/sgml/CATALOG"
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
End:
-->