Add new wal_level, logical, sufficient for logical decoding.

When wal_level=logical, we'll log columns from the old tuple as
configured by the REPLICA IDENTITY facility added in commit
07cacba983.  This makes it possible
a properly-configured logical replication solution to correctly
follow table updates even if they change the chosen key columns,
or, with REPLICA IDENTITY FULL, even if the table has no key at
all.  Note that updates which do not modify the replica identity
column won't log anything extra, making the choice of a good key
(i.e. one that will rarely be changed) important to performance
when wal_level=logical is configured.

Each insert, update, or delete to a catalog table will also log
the CMIN and/or CMAX values of stamped by the current transaction.
This is necessary because logical decoding will require access to
historical snapshots of the catalog in order to decode some data
types, and the CMIN/CMAX values that we may need in order to judge
row visibility may have been overwritten by the time we need them.

Andres Freund, reviewed in various versions by myself, Heikki
Linnakangas, KONDO Mitsumasa, and many others.

src/include/utils/rel.h

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ typedef struct RelationData
 	List	   *rd_indexlist;	/* list of OIDs of indexes on relation */
 	Bitmapset  *rd_indexattr;	/* identifies columns used in indexes */
 	Bitmapset  *rd_keyattr;		/* cols that can be ref'd by foreign keys */
+	Bitmapset  *rd_idattr;		/* included in replica identity index */
 	Oid			rd_oidindex;	/* OID of unique index on OID, if any */
 	LockInfoData rd_lockInfo;	/* lock mgr's info for locking relation */
 	RuleLock   *rd_rules;		/* rewrite rules */
@@ -453,6 +454,29 @@ typedef struct StdRdOptions
  */
 #define RelationIsPopulated(relation) ((relation)->rd_rel->relispopulated)
 
+/*
+ * RelationIsAccessibleInLogicalDecoding
+ *		True if we need to log enough information to have access via
+ *		decoding snapshot.
+ */
+#define RelationIsAccessibleInLogicalDecoding(relation) \
+	(XLogLogicalInfoActive() && \
+	 RelationNeedsWAL(relation) && \
+	 IsCatalogRelation(relation))
+
+/*
+ * RelationIsLogicallyLogged
+ *		True if we need to log enough information to extract the data from the
+ *		WAL stream.
+ *
+ * We don't log information for unlogged tables (since they don't WAL log
+ * anyway) and for system tables (their content is hard to make sense of, and
+ * it would complicate decoding slightly for little gain).
+ */
+#define RelationIsLogicallyLogged(relation) \
+	(XLogLogicalInfoActive() && \
+	 RelationNeedsWAL(relation) && \
+	 !IsCatalogRelation(relation))
 
 /* routines in utils/cache/relcache.c */
 extern void RelationIncrementReferenceCount(Relation rel);