Postpone creation of pathkeys lists to fix bug #8049.

This patch gets rid of the concept of, and infrastructure for,
non-canonical PathKeys; we now only ever create canonical pathkey lists.

The need for non-canonical pathkeys came from the desire to have
grouping_planner initialize query_pathkeys and related pathkey lists before
calling query_planner.  However, since query_planner didn't actually *do*
anything with those lists before they'd been made canonical, we can get rid
of the whole mess by just not creating the lists at all until the point
where we formerly canonicalized them.

There are several ways in which we could implement that without making
query_planner itself deal with grouping/sorting features (which are
supposed to be the province of grouping_planner).  I chose to add a
callback function to query_planner's API; other alternatives would have
required adding more fields to PlannerInfo, which while not bad in itself
would create an ABI break for planner-related plugins in the 9.2 release
series.  This still breaks ABI for anything that calls query_planner
directly, but it seems somewhat unlikely that there are any such plugins.

I had originally conceived of this change as merely a step on the way to
fixing bug #8049 from Teun Hoogendoorn; but it turns out that this fixes
that bug all by itself, as per the added regression test.  The reason is
that now get_eclass_for_sort_expr is adding the ORDER BY expression at the
end of EquivalenceClass creation not the start, and so anything that is in
a multi-member EquivalenceClass has already been created with correct
em_nullable_relids.  I am suspicious that there are related scenarios in
which we still need to teach get_eclass_for_sort_expr to compute correct
nullable_relids, but am not eager to risk destabilizing either 9.2 or 9.3
to fix bugs that are only hypothetical.  So for the moment, do this and
stop here.

Back-patch to 9.2 but not to earlier branches, since they don't exhibit
this bug for lack of join-clause-movement logic that depends on
em_nullable_relids being correct.  (We might have to revisit that choice
if any related bugs turn up.)  In 9.2, don't change the signature of
make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses nor remove canonicalize_pathkeys, so as
not to risk more plugin breakage than we have to.

src/include/optimizer/paths.h

@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ typedef enum
 	PATHKEYS_DIFFERENT			/* neither pathkey includes the other */
 } PathKeysComparison;
 
-extern List *canonicalize_pathkeys(PlannerInfo *root, List *pathkeys);
 extern PathKeysComparison compare_pathkeys(List *keys1, List *keys2);
 extern bool pathkeys_contained_in(List *keys1, List *keys2);
 extern Path *get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(List *paths, List *pathkeys,
@@ -174,8 +173,7 @@ extern List *build_join_pathkeys(PlannerInfo *root,
 					List *outer_pathkeys);
 extern List *make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses(PlannerInfo *root,
 							  List *sortclauses,
-							  List *tlist,
-							  bool canonicalize);
+							  List *tlist);
 extern void initialize_mergeclause_eclasses(PlannerInfo *root,
 								RestrictInfo *restrictinfo);
 extern void update_mergeclause_eclasses(PlannerInfo *root,

src/include/optimizer/planmain.h

@@ -21,11 +21,15 @@
 #define DEFAULT_CURSOR_TUPLE_FRACTION 0.1
 extern double cursor_tuple_fraction;
 
+/* query_planner callback to compute query_pathkeys */
+typedef void (*query_pathkeys_callback) (PlannerInfo *root, void *extra);
+
 /*
  * prototypes for plan/planmain.c
  */
 extern void query_planner(PlannerInfo *root, List *tlist,
 			  double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
+			  query_pathkeys_callback qp_callback, void *qp_extra,
 			  Path **cheapest_path, Path **sorted_path,
 			  double *num_groups);