Allow db.schema.table patterns, but complain about random garbage.

psql, pg_dump, and pg_amcheck share code to process object name
patterns like 'foo*.bar*' to match all tables with names starting in
'bar' that are in schemas starting with 'foo'. Before v14, any number
of extra name parts were silently ignored, so a command line '\d
foo.bar.baz.bletch.quux' was interpreted as '\d bletch.quux'.  In v14,
as a result of commit 2c8726c4b0, we
instead treated this as a request for table quux in a schema named
'foo.bar.baz.bletch'. That caused problems for people like Justin
Pryzby who were accustomed to copying strings of the form
db.schema.table from messages generated by PostgreSQL itself and using
them as arguments to \d.

Accordingly, revise things so that if an object name pattern contains
more parts than we're expecting, we throw an error, unless there's
exactly one extra part and it matches the current database name.
That way, thisdb.myschema.mytable is accepted as meaning just
myschema.mytable, but otherdb.myschema.mytable is an error, and so
is some.random.garbage.myschema.mytable.

Mark Dilger, per report from Justin Pryzby and discussion among
various people.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20211013165426.GD27491%40telsasoft.com

src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql

@@ -1463,3 +1463,245 @@ SELECT * FROM bla ORDER BY 1;
 \echo '# final ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK:' :ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
 DROP TABLE bla;
 DROP FUNCTION psql_error;
+
+-- check describing invalid multipart names
+\dA regression.heap
+\dA nonesuch.heap
+\dt host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt |.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dt nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\da host.regression.pg_catalog.sum
+\da +.pg_catalog.sum
+\da nonesuch.pg_catalog.sum
+\dAc nonesuch.brin
+\dAc regression.brin
+\dAf nonesuch.brin
+\dAf regression.brin
+\dAo nonesuch.brin
+\dAo regression.brin
+\dAp nonesuch.brin
+\dAp regression.brin
+\db nonesuch.pg_default
+\db regression.pg_default
+\dc host.regression.public.conversion
+\dc (.public.conversion
+\dc nonesuch.public.conversion
+\dC host.regression.pg_catalog.int8
+\dC ).pg_catalog.int8
+\dC nonesuch.pg_catalog.int8
+\dd host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd [.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dd nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dD host.regression.public.gtestdomain1
+\dD ].public.gtestdomain1
+\dD nonesuch.public.gtestdomain1
+\ddp host.regression.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp {.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\ddp nonesuch.pg_catalog.pg_class
+\dE host.regression.public.ft
+\dE }.public.ft
+\dE nonesuch.public.ft
+\di host.regression.public.tenk1_hundred
+\di ..public.tenk1_hundred
+\di nonesuch.public.tenk1_hundred
+\dm host.regression.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm ^.public.mvtest_bb
+\dm nonesuch.public.mvtest_bb
+\ds host.regression.public.check_seq
+\ds regression|mydb.public.check_seq
+\ds nonesuch.public.check_seq
+\dt host.regression.public.b_star
+\dt regres+ion.public.b_star
+\dt nonesuch.public.b_star
+\dv host.regression.public.shoe
+\dv regress(ion).public.shoe
+\dv nonesuch.public.shoe
+\des nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+\des nonesuch.server
+\des regression.server
+\des nonesuch.username
+\des regression.username
+\dew nonesuch.fdw
+\dew regression.fdw
+\df host.regression.public.namelen
+\df regres[qrstuv]ion.public.namelen
+\df nonesuch.public.namelen
+\dF host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF regres{1,2}ion.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dF nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic
+\dFd host.regression.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd regres?ion.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFd nonesuch.pg_catalog.arabic_stem
+\dFp host.regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp ^regression.pg_catalog.default
+\dFp nonesuch.pg_catalog.default
+\dFt host.regression.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt regression$.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dFt nonesuch.pg_catalog.ispell
+\dg nonesuch.pg_database_owner
+\dg regression.pg_database_owner
+\dL host.regression.plpgsql
+\dL *.plpgsql
+\dL nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dn host.regression.public
+\dn """".public
+\dn nonesuch.public
+\do host.regression.public.!=-
+\do "regression|mydb".public.!=-
+\do nonesuch.public.!=-
+\dO host.regression.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO .pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dO nonesuch.pg_catalog.POSIX
+\dp host.regression.public.a_star
+\dp "regres+ion".public.a_star
+\dp nonesuch.public.a_star
+\dP host.regression.public.mlparted
+\dP "regres(sion)".public.mlparted
+\dP nonesuch.public.mlparted
+\drds nonesuch.lc_messages
+\drds regression.lc_messages
+\dRp public.mypub
+\dRp regression.mypub
+\dRs public.mysub
+\dRs regression.mysub
+\dT host.regression.public.widget
+\dT "regression{1,2}".public.widget
+\dT nonesuch.public.widget
+\dx regression.plpgsql
+\dx nonesuch.plpgsql
+\dX host.regression.public.func_deps_stat
+\dX "^regression$".public.func_deps_stat
+\dX nonesuch.public.func_deps_stat
+\dy regression.myevt
+\dy nonesuch.myevt
+
+-- check that dots within quoted name segments are not counted
+\dA "no.such.access.method"
+\dt "no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dAc "no.such.operator.class"
+\dAf "no.such.operator.family"
+\dAo "no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+\dAp "no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+\db "no.such.tablespace"
+\dc "no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.relation"
+\des "no.such.foreign.server"
+\dew "no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+\df "no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.text.search.template"
+\dg "no.such.role"
+\dL "no.such.language"
+\dn "no.such.schema"
+\do "no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\drds "no.such.setting"
+\dRp "no.such.publication"
+\dRs "no.such.subscription"
+\dT "no.such.data.type"
+\dx "no.such.installed.extension"
+\dX "no.such.extended.statistics"
+\dy "no.such.event.trigger"
+
+-- again, but with dotted schema qualifications.
+\dA "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.method"
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dAc "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.class"
+\dAf "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.family"
+\dAo "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.of.operator.family"
+\dAp "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator.support.function.of.operator.family"
+\db "no.such.schema"."no.such.tablespace"
+\dc "no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\des "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.server"
+\dew "no.such.schema"."no.such.foreign.data.wrapper"
+\df "no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\dg "no.such.schema"."no.such.role"
+\dL "no.such.schema"."no.such.language"
+\do "no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\drds "no.such.schema"."no.such.setting"
+\dRp "no.such.schema"."no.such.publication"
+\dRs "no.such.schema"."no.such.subscription"
+\dT "no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dx "no.such.schema"."no.such.installed.extension"
+\dX "no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+\dy "no.such.schema"."no.such.event.trigger"
+
+-- again, but with current database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dc regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\di regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\df regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\do regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\dT regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dX regression."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"
+
+-- again, but with dotted database and dotted schema qualifications.
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.table.relation"
+\da "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.aggregate.function"
+\dc "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.conversion"
+\dC "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.cast"
+\dd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.object.description"
+\dD "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.domain"
+\ddp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.default.access.privilege"
+\di "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.index.relation"
+\dm "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.materialized.view"
+\ds "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\dv "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.relation"
+\df "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.function"
+\dF "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.configuration"
+\dFd "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.dictionary"
+\dFp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.parser"
+\dFt "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.text.search.template"
+\do "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.operator"
+\dO "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.collation"
+\dp "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.access.privilege"
+\dP "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.partitioned.relation"
+\dT "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.data.type"
+\dX "no.such.database"."no.such.schema"."no.such.extended.statistics"