Add a SHOW command to the replication command language.

This is useful infrastructure for an upcoming proposed patch to
allow the WAL segment size to be changed at initdb time; tools like
pg_basebackup need the ability to interrogate the server setting.
But it also doesn't seem like a bad thing to have independently of
that; it may find other uses in the future.

Robert Haas and Beena Emerson.  (The original patch here was by
Beena, but I rewrote it to such a degree that most of the code
being committed here is mine.)

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmobNo4qz06wHEmy9DszAre3dYx-WNhHSCbU9SAwf+9Ft6g@mail.gmail.com

src/backend/replication/repl_gram.y

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Node *replication_parse_result;
 /* Keyword tokens. */
 %token K_BASE_BACKUP
 %token K_IDENTIFY_SYSTEM
+%token K_SHOW
 %token K_START_REPLICATION
 %token K_CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT
 %token K_DROP_REPLICATION_SLOT
@@ -82,14 +83,14 @@ Node *replication_parse_result;
 %type <node>	command
 %type <node>	base_backup start_replication start_logical_replication
 				create_replication_slot drop_replication_slot identify_system
-				timeline_history
+				timeline_history show
 %type <list>	base_backup_opt_list
 %type <defelt>	base_backup_opt
 %type <uintval>	opt_timeline
 %type <list>	plugin_options plugin_opt_list
 %type <defelt>	plugin_opt_elem
 %type <node>	plugin_opt_arg
-%type <str>		opt_slot
+%type <str>		opt_slot var_name
 %type <boolval>	opt_reserve_wal opt_temporary
 
 %%
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ command:
 			| create_replication_slot
 			| drop_replication_slot
 			| timeline_history
+			| show
 			;
 
 /*
@@ -124,6 +126,22 @@ identify_system:
 				}
 			;
 
+/*
+ * SHOW setting
+ */
+show:
+			K_SHOW var_name
+				{
+					VariableShowStmt *n = makeNode(VariableShowStmt);
+					n->name = $2;
+					$$ = (Node *) n;
+				}
+
+var_name:	IDENT	{ $$ = $1; }
+			| var_name '.' IDENT
+				{ $$ = psprintf("%s.%s", $1, $3); }
+		;
+
 /*
  * BASE_BACKUP [LABEL '<label>'] [PROGRESS] [FAST] [WAL] [NOWAIT]
  * [MAX_RATE %d] [TABLESPACE_MAP]

src/backend/replication/repl_scanner.l

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ identifier		{ident_start}{ident_cont}*
 BASE_BACKUP			{ return K_BASE_BACKUP; }
 FAST			{ return K_FAST; }
 IDENTIFY_SYSTEM		{ return K_IDENTIFY_SYSTEM; }
+SHOW		{ return K_SHOW; }
 LABEL			{ return K_LABEL; }
 NOWAIT			{ return K_NOWAIT; }
 PROGRESS			{ return K_PROGRESS; }

src/backend/replication/walsender.c

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "access/printtup.h"
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
@@ -72,11 +73,13 @@
 #include "storage/pmsignal.h"
 #include "storage/proc.h"
 #include "storage/procarray.h"
+#include "tcop/dest.h"
 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/pg_lsn.h"
+#include "utils/portal.h"
 #include "utils/ps_status.h"
 #include "utils/resowner.h"
 #include "utils/timeout.h"
@@ -1365,6 +1368,15 @@ exec_replication_command(const char *cmd_string)
 			SendTimeLineHistory((TimeLineHistoryCmd *) cmd_node);
 			break;
 
+		case T_VariableShowStmt:
+			{
+				DestReceiver *dest = CreateDestReceiver(DestRemoteSimple);
+				VariableShowStmt *n = (VariableShowStmt *) cmd_node;
+
+				GetPGVariable(n->name, dest);
+			}
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized replication command node tag: %u",
 				 cmd_node->type);