Add support for coordinating record typmods among parallel workers.

Tuples can have type RECORDOID and a typmod number that identifies a blessed
TupleDesc in a backend-private cache.  To support the sharing of such tuples
through shared memory and temporary files, provide a typmod registry in
shared memory.

To achieve that, introduce per-session DSM segments, created on demand when a
backend first runs a parallel query.  The per-session DSM segment has a
table-of-contents just like the per-query DSM segment, and initially the
contents are a shared record typmod registry and a DSA area to provide the
space it needs to grow.

State relating to the current session is accessed via a Session object
reached through global variable CurrentSession that may require significant
redesign further down the road as we figure out what else needs to be shared
or remodelled.

Author: Thomas Munro
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm=0ZtQ-SpsgCyzzYpsXS6e=kZWqk3g5Ygn3MDV7A8dabUA@mail.gmail.com

src/include/utils/typcache.h

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "access/tupdesc.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "storage/dsm.h"
+#include "utils/dsa.h"
 
 
 /* DomainConstraintCache is an opaque struct known only within typcache.c */
@@ -143,6 +145,7 @@ typedef struct DomainConstraintRef
 	MemoryContextCallback callback; /* used to release refcount when done */
 } DomainConstraintRef;
 
+typedef struct SharedRecordTypmodRegistry SharedRecordTypmodRegistry;
 
 extern TypeCacheEntry *lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags);
 
@@ -164,4 +167,11 @@ extern void assign_record_type_typmod(TupleDesc tupDesc);
 
 extern int	compare_values_of_enum(TypeCacheEntry *tcache, Oid arg1, Oid arg2);
 
+extern size_t SharedRecordTypmodRegistryEstimate(void);
+
+extern void SharedRecordTypmodRegistryInit(SharedRecordTypmodRegistry *,
+							   dsm_segment *segment, dsa_area *area);
+
+extern void SharedRecordTypmodRegistryAttach(SharedRecordTypmodRegistry *);
+
 #endif							/* TYPCACHE_H */