Add transforms feature

This provides a mechanism for specifying conversions between SQL data
types and procedural languages.  As examples, there are transforms
for hstore and ltree for PL/Perl and PL/Python.

reviews by Pavel Stěhule and Andres Freund

src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c

@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_amproc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_language.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
@@ -977,6 +979,30 @@ get_constraint_name(Oid conoid)
 		return NULL;
 }
 
+/*				---------- LANGUAGE CACHE ----------					 */
+
+char *
+get_language_name(Oid langoid, bool missing_ok)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tp;
+
+	tp = SearchSysCache1(LANGOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(langoid));
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
+	{
+		Form_pg_language lantup = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(tp);
+		char	   *result;
+
+		result = pstrdup(NameStr(lantup->lanname));
+		ReleaseSysCache(tp);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	if (!missing_ok)
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u",
+			 langoid);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /*				---------- OPCLASS CACHE ----------						 */
 
 /*
@@ -1743,6 +1769,51 @@ get_rel_tablespace(Oid relid)
 }
 
 
+/*				---------- TRANSFORM CACHE ----------						 */
+
+Oid
+get_transform_fromsql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+
+	if (!list_member_oid(trftypes, typid))
+		return InvalidOid;
+
+	tup = SearchSysCache2(TRFTYPELANG, typid, langid);
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
+	{
+		Oid			funcid;
+
+		funcid = ((Form_pg_transform) GETSTRUCT(tup))->trffromsql;
+		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
+		return funcid;
+	}
+	else
+		return InvalidOid;
+}
+
+Oid
+get_transform_tosql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+
+	if (!list_member_oid(trftypes, typid))
+		return InvalidOid;
+
+	tup = SearchSysCache2(TRFTYPELANG, typid, langid);
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
+	{
+		Oid			funcid;
+
+		funcid = ((Form_pg_transform) GETSTRUCT(tup))->trftosql;
+		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
+		return funcid;
+	}
+	else
+		return InvalidOid;
+}
+
+
 /*				---------- TYPE CACHE ----------						 */
 
 /*

src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config_map.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_dict.h"
@@ -653,6 +654,28 @@ static const struct cachedesc cacheinfo[] = {
 		},
 		4
 	},
+	{TransformRelationId,		/* TRFOID */
+	 TransformOidIndexId,
+	 1,
+	 {
+		 ObjectIdAttributeNumber,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+	 },
+	 16
+	},
+	{TransformRelationId,		/* TRFTYPELANG */
+	 TransformTypeLangIndexId,
+	 2,
+	 {
+		 Anum_pg_transform_trftype,
+		 Anum_pg_transform_trflang,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+	 },
+	 16
+	},
 	{TSConfigMapRelationId,		/* TSCONFIGMAP */
 		TSConfigMapIndexId,
 		3,