Misc documentation fixes.

- Misc grammar and punctuation fixes.

- Stylistic cleanup: use spaces between function arguments and JSON fields
  in examples. For example "foo(a,b)" -> "foo(a, b)". Add semicolon after
  last END in a few PL/pgSQL examples that were missing them.

- Make sentence that talked about "..." and ".." operators more clear,
  by avoiding to end the sentence with "..". That makes it look the same
  as "..."

- Fix syntax description for HAVING: HAVING conditions cannot be repeated

Patch by Justin Pryzby, per Yaroslav Schekin's report. Backpatch to all
supported versions, to the extent that the patch applies easily.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20201005191922.GE17626%40telsasoft.com

doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml

@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@
       </para>
       <para>
        Role can log in. That is, this role can be given as the initial
-       session authorization identifier
+       session authorization identifier.
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 

doc/src/sgml/config.sgml

@@ -10168,8 +10168,8 @@ LOG:  CleanUpLock: deleting: lock(0xb7acd844) id(24688,24696,0,0,0,1)
       </term>
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        If set, do not trace locks for tables below this OID. (use to avoid
-        output on system tables)
+        If set, do not trace locks for tables below this OID (used to avoid
+        output on system tables).
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter is only available if the <symbol>LOCK_DEBUG</symbol>

doc/src/sgml/func.sgml

@@ -26599,7 +26599,7 @@ BEGIN
                      obj.object_name,
                      obj.object_identity;
     END LOOP;
-END
+END;
 $$;
 CREATE EVENT TRIGGER test_event_trigger_for_drops
    ON sql_drop

doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml

@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@
     </para>
     <para>
      <varname>gin_pending_list_limit</varname> can be overridden for individual
-     GIN indexes by changing storage parameters, and which allows each
+     GIN indexes by changing storage parameters, which allows each
      GIN index to have its own cleanup threshold.
      For example, it's possible to increase the threshold only for the GIN
      index which can be updated heavily, and decrease it otherwise.

doc/src/sgml/high-availability.sgml

@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ synchronous_standby_names = 'ANY 2 (s1, s2, s3)'
     Note that in this mode, the server will apply WAL one file at a
     time, so if you use the standby server for queries (see Hot Standby),
     there is a delay between an action in the primary and when the
-    action becomes visible in the standby, corresponding the time it takes
+    action becomes visible in the standby, corresponding to the time it takes
     to fill up the WAL file. <varname>archive_timeout</varname> can be used to make that delay
     shorter. Also note that you can't combine streaming replication with
     this method.

doc/src/sgml/indexam.sgml

@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ amgettuple (IndexScanDesc scan,
    will pass the caller's snapshot test.  On success, <function>amgettuple</function>
    must also set <literal>scan-&gt;xs_recheck</literal> to true or false.
    False means it is certain that the index entry matches the scan keys.
-   true means this is not certain, and the conditions represented by the
+   True means this is not certain, and the conditions represented by the
    scan keys must be rechecked against the heap tuple after fetching it.
    This provision supports <quote>lossy</quote> index operators.
    Note that rechecking will extend only to the scan conditions; a partial

doc/src/sgml/isn.sgml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
   hard-coded list of prefixes; this list of prefixes is also used to hyphenate
   numbers on output.  Since new prefixes are assigned from time to time, the
   list of prefixes may be out of date.  It is hoped that a future version of
-  this module will obtained the prefix list from one or more tables that
+  this module will obtain the prefix list from one or more tables that
   can be easily updated by users as needed; however, at present, the
   list can only be updated by modifying the source code and recompiling.
   Alternatively, prefix validation and hyphenation support may be

doc/src/sgml/mvcc.sgml

@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ ERROR:  could not serialize access due to read/write dependencies among transact
         <para>
          The <literal>FOR UPDATE</literal> lock mode
          is also acquired by any <command>DELETE</command> on a row, and also by an
-         <command>UPDATE</command> that modifies the values on certain columns.  Currently,
+         <command>UPDATE</command> that modifies the values of certain columns.  Currently,
          the set of columns considered for the <command>UPDATE</command> case are those that
          have a unique index on them that can be used in a foreign key (so partial
          indexes and expressional indexes are not considered), but this may change

doc/src/sgml/parallel.sgml

@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE filler LIKE '%x%';
   </para>
 
   <para>
-    The following operations are always parallel restricted.
+    The following operations are always parallel restricted:
   </para>
 
   <itemizedlist>

doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml

@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ BEGIN
     SELECT users.userid INTO STRICT userid
         FROM users WHERE users.username = get_userid.username;
     RETURN userid;
-END
+END;
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 </programlisting>
      On failure, this function might produce an error message such as
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ BEGIN
         RETURN NEXT r; -- return current row of SELECT
     END LOOP;
     RETURN;
-END
+END;
 $BODY$
 LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 
@@ -1882,7 +1882,7 @@ BEGIN
     END IF;
 
     RETURN;
- END
+ END;
 $BODY$
 LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 
@@ -1956,7 +1956,7 @@ DECLARE myvar int := 5;
 BEGIN
   CALL triple(myvar);
   RAISE NOTICE 'myvar = %', myvar;  -- prints 15
-END
+END;
 $$;
 </programlisting>
     </para>
@@ -3559,7 +3559,7 @@ BEGIN
             ROLLBACK;
         END IF;
     END LOOP;
-END
+END;
 $$;
 
 CALL transaction_test1();
@@ -5213,7 +5213,7 @@ DECLARE
 f1 int;
 BEGIN
 RETURN f1;
-END
+END;
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 WARNING:  variable "f1" shadows a previously defined variable
 LINE 3: f1 int;

doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml

@@ -2839,7 +2839,7 @@ The commands accepted in replication mode are:
   <para>
    Every sent transaction contains zero or more DML messages (Insert,
    Update, Delete). In case of a cascaded setup it can also contain Origin
-   messages. The origin message indicated that the transaction originated on
+   messages. The origin message indicates that the transaction originated on
    different replication node. Since a replication node in the scope of logical
    replication protocol can be pretty much anything, the only identifier
    is the origin name. It's downstream's responsibility to handle this as

doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replac
     [ FROM <replaceable class="parameter">from_item</replaceable> [, ...] ]
     [ WHERE <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ]
     [ GROUP BY <replaceable class="parameter">grouping_element</replaceable> [, ...] ]
-    [ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> [, ...] ]
+    [ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ]
     [ WINDOW <replaceable class="parameter">window_name</replaceable> AS ( <replaceable class="parameter">window_definition</replaceable> ) [, ...] ]
     [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL | DISTINCT ] <replaceable class="parameter">select</replaceable> ]
     [ ORDER BY <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> [ ASC | DESC | USING <replaceable class="parameter">operator</replaceable> ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]

doc/src/sgml/ref/select_into.sgml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replac
     [ FROM <replaceable class="parameter">from_item</replaceable> [, ...] ]
     [ WHERE <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ]
     [ GROUP BY <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> [, ...] ]
-    [ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> [, ...] ]
+    [ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ]
     [ WINDOW <replaceable class="parameter">window_name</replaceable> AS ( <replaceable class="parameter">window_definition</replaceable> ) [, ...] ]
     [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL | DISTINCT ] <replaceable class="parameter">select</replaceable> ]
     [ ORDER BY <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> [ ASC | DESC | USING <replaceable class="parameter">operator</replaceable> ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ] [, ...] ]

doc/src/sgml/rules.sgml

@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ SELECT t1.a, t2.b, t1.ctid FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a;
 </para>
 
 <para>
-    The benefit of implementing views with the rule system is,
+    The benefit of implementing views with the rule system is
     that the planner has all
     the information about which tables have to be scanned plus the
     relationships between these tables plus the restrictive
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ SELECT t1.a, t2.b, t1.ctid FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.a = t2.a;
     the best path to execute the query, and the more information
     the planner has, the better this decision can be. And
     the rule system as implemented in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
-    ensures, that this is all information available about the query
+    ensures that this is all information available about the query
     up to that point.
 </para>
 </sect2>
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION tricky(text, text) RETURNS bool AS $$
 BEGIN
     RAISE NOTICE '% =&gt; %', $1, $2;
     RETURN true;
-END
+END;
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql COST 0.0000000000000000000001;
 
 SELECT * FROM phone_number WHERE tricky(person, phone);

doc/src/sgml/seg.sgml

@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ test=> select '6.25 .. 6.50'::seg as "pH";
   </table>
 
   <para>
-   Because <literal>...</literal> is widely used in data sources, it is allowed
-   as an alternative spelling of <literal>..</literal>.  Unfortunately, this
+   Because the <literal>...</literal> operator is widely used in data sources, it is allowed
+   as an alternative spelling of the <literal>..</literal> operator.  Unfortunately, this
    creates a parsing ambiguity: it is not clear whether the upper bound
    in <literal>0...23</literal> is meant to be <literal>23</literal> or <literal>0.23</literal>.
    This is resolved by requiring at least one digit before the decimal