diff --git a/src/backend/replication/slot.c b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
index 850b74936fe..329599e99de 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/slot.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
@@ -411,6 +411,34 @@ ReplicationSlotIndex(ReplicationSlot *slot)
 	return slot - ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots;
 }
 
+/*
+ * If the slot at 'index' is unused, return false. Otherwise 'name' is set to
+ * the slot's name and true is returned.
+ *
+ * This likely is only useful for pgstat_replslot.c during shutdown, in other
+ * cases there are obvious TOCTOU issues.
+ */
+bool
+ReplicationSlotName(int index, Name name)
+{
+	ReplicationSlot *slot;
+	bool		found;
+
+	slot = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[index];
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that the slot cannot be dropped while we copy the name. Don't
+	 * need the spinlock as the name of an existing slot cannot change.
+	 */
+	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
+	found = slot->in_use;
+	if (slot->in_use)
+		namestrcpy(name, NameStr(slot->data.name));
+	LWLockRelease(ReplicationSlotControlLock);
+
+	return found;
+}
+
 /*
  * Find a previously created slot and mark it as used by this process.
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat.c
index 168231e71d6..d58a299d3e6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat.c
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ pgstat_write_statsfile(void)
 			/* stats entry identified by name on disk (e.g. slots) */
 			NameData	name;
 
-			kind_info->to_serialized_name(shstats, &name);
+			kind_info->to_serialized_name(&ps->key, shstats, &name);
 
 			fputc('N', fpout);
 			write_chunk_s(fpout, &ps->key.kind);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_replslot.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_replslot.c
index b77c05ab5fa..1a8473bcd45 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_replslot.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/pgstat_replslot.c
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ pgstat_reset_replslot(const char *name)
 
 /*
  * Report replication slot statistics.
+ *
+ * We can rely on the stats for the slot to exist and to belong to this
+ * slot. We can only get here if pgstat_create_replslot() or
+ * pgstat_acquire_replslot() have already been called.
  */
 void
 pgstat_report_replslot(ReplicationSlot *slot, const PgStat_StatReplSlotEntry *repSlotStat)
@@ -82,12 +86,6 @@ pgstat_report_replslot(ReplicationSlot *slot, const PgStat_StatReplSlotEntry *re
 	shstatent = (PgStatShared_ReplSlot *) entry_ref->shared_stats;
 	statent = &shstatent->stats;
 
-	/*
-	 * Any mismatch should have been fixed in pgstat_create_replslot() or
-	 * pgstat_acquire_replslot().
-	 */
-	Assert(namestrcmp(&statent->slotname, NameStr(slot->data.name)) == 0);
-
 	/* Update the replication slot statistics */
 #define REPLSLOT_ACC(fld) statent->fld += repSlotStat->fld
 	REPLSLOT_ACC(spill_txns);
@@ -124,38 +122,29 @@ pgstat_create_replslot(ReplicationSlot *slot)
 	 * if we previously crashed after dropping a slot.
 	 */
 	memset(&shstatent->stats, 0, sizeof(shstatent->stats));
-	namestrcpy(&shstatent->stats.slotname, NameStr(slot->data.name));
 
 	pgstat_unlock_entry(entry_ref);
 }
 
 /*
  * Report replication slot has been acquired.
+ *
+ * This guarantees that a stats entry exists during later
+ * pgstat_report_replslot() calls.
+ *
+ * If we previously crashed, no stats data exists. But if we did not crash,
+ * the stats do belong to this slot:
+ * - the stats cannot belong to a dropped slot, pgstat_drop_replslot() would
+ *   have been called
+ * - if the slot was removed while shut down,
+ *   pgstat_replslot_from_serialized_name_cb() returning false would have
+ *   caused the stats to be dropped
  */
 void
 pgstat_acquire_replslot(ReplicationSlot *slot)
 {
-	PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref;
-	PgStatShared_ReplSlot *shstatent;
-	PgStat_StatReplSlotEntry *statent;
-
-	entry_ref = pgstat_get_entry_ref_locked(PGSTAT_KIND_REPLSLOT, InvalidOid,
-											ReplicationSlotIndex(slot), false);
-	shstatent = (PgStatShared_ReplSlot *) entry_ref->shared_stats;
-	statent = &shstatent->stats;
-
-	/*
-	 * NB: need to accept that there might be stats from an older slot, e.g.
-	 * if we previously crashed after dropping a slot.
-	 */
-	if (NameStr(statent->slotname)[0] == 0 ||
-		namestrcmp(&statent->slotname, NameStr(slot->data.name)) != 0)
-	{
-		memset(statent, 0, sizeof(*statent));
-		namestrcpy(&statent->slotname, NameStr(slot->data.name));
-	}
-
-	pgstat_unlock_entry(entry_ref);
+	pgstat_get_entry_ref(PGSTAT_KIND_REPLSLOT, InvalidOid,
+						 ReplicationSlotIndex(slot), true, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -185,9 +174,16 @@ pgstat_fetch_replslot(NameData slotname)
 }
 
 void
-pgstat_replslot_to_serialized_name_cb(const PgStatShared_Common *header, NameData *name)
+pgstat_replslot_to_serialized_name_cb(const PgStat_HashKey *key, const PgStatShared_Common *header, NameData *name)
 {
-	namestrcpy(name, NameStr(((PgStatShared_ReplSlot *) header)->stats.slotname));
+	/*
+	 * This is only called late during shutdown. The set of existing slots
+	 * isn't allowed to change at this point, we can assume that a slot exists
+	 * at the offset.
+	 */
+	if (!ReplicationSlotName(key->objoid, name))
+		elog(ERROR, "could not find name for replication slot index %u",
+			 key->objoid);
 }
 
 bool
diff --git a/src/include/pgstat.h b/src/include/pgstat.h
index ac28f813b4e..dbb2074ed4a 100644
--- a/src/include/pgstat.h
+++ b/src/include/pgstat.h
@@ -321,7 +321,11 @@ typedef struct PgStat_StatFuncEntry
 
 typedef struct PgStat_StatReplSlotEntry
 {
-	NameData	slotname;
+	/*
+	 * In PG 15 this field is unused, but not removed, to avoid changing
+	 * PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID.
+	 */
+	NameData	slotname_unused;
 	PgStat_Counter spill_txns;
 	PgStat_Counter spill_count;
 	PgStat_Counter spill_bytes;
diff --git a/src/include/replication/slot.h b/src/include/replication/slot.h
index 8c9f3321d50..deba2c4e499 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/slot.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/slot.h
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ extern void ReplicationSlotsDropDBSlots(Oid dboid);
 extern bool InvalidateObsoleteReplicationSlots(XLogSegNo oldestSegno);
 extern ReplicationSlot *SearchNamedReplicationSlot(const char *name, bool need_lock);
 extern int	ReplicationSlotIndex(ReplicationSlot *slot);
+extern bool ReplicationSlotName(int index, Name name);
 extern void ReplicationSlotNameForTablesync(Oid suboid, Oid relid, char *syncslotname, int szslot);
 extern void ReplicationSlotDropAtPubNode(WalReceiverConn *wrconn, char *slotname, bool missing_ok);
 
diff --git a/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h b/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
index 901d2041d66..4b65dfef7d4 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/pgstat_internal.h
@@ -242,7 +242,8 @@ typedef struct PgStat_KindInfo
 	/*
 	 * For variable-numbered stats with named_on_disk. Optional.
 	 */
-	void		(*to_serialized_name) (const PgStatShared_Common *header, NameData *name);
+	void		(*to_serialized_name) (const PgStat_HashKey *key,
+									   const PgStatShared_Common *header, NameData *name);
 	bool		(*from_serialized_name) (const NameData *name, PgStat_HashKey *key);
 
 	/*
@@ -567,7 +568,7 @@ extern void pgstat_relation_delete_pending_cb(PgStat_EntryRef *entry_ref);
  */
 
 extern void pgstat_replslot_reset_timestamp_cb(PgStatShared_Common *header, TimestampTz ts);
-extern void pgstat_replslot_to_serialized_name_cb(const PgStatShared_Common *tmp, NameData *name);
+extern void pgstat_replslot_to_serialized_name_cb(const PgStat_HashKey *key, const PgStatShared_Common *header, NameData *name);
 extern bool pgstat_replslot_from_serialized_name_cb(const NameData *name, PgStat_HashKey *key);