Further cleanup of client dependencies on src/include/catalog headers.

In commit 9c0a0de4c, I'd failed to notice that catalog/catalog.h
should also be considered a frontend-unsafe header, because it includes
(and needs) the full form of pg_class.h, not to mention relcache.h.
However, various frontend code was depending on it to get
TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY, so refactoring of some sort is called for.

The cleanest answer seems to be to move TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
as well as the OIDCHARS symbol, to common/relpath.h.  Do that, and mop up
inclusions as necessary.  (I found that quite a few current users of
catalog/catalog.h don't seem to need it at all anymore, apparently as a
result of the refactorings that created common/relpath.[hc].  And
initdb.c needed it only as a route to pg_class_d.h.)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/6629.1523294509@sss.pgh.pa.us

src/include/common/relpath.h

@@ -13,6 +13,22 @@
 #ifndef RELPATH_H
 #define RELPATH_H
 
+/*
+ *	'pgrminclude ignore' needed here because CppAsString2() does not throw
+ *	an error if the symbol is not defined.
+ */
+#include "catalog/catversion.h" /* pgrminclude ignore */
+
+
+/*
+ * Name of major-version-specific tablespace subdirectories
+ */
+#define TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY	"PG_" PG_MAJORVERSION "_" \
+									CppAsString2(CATALOG_VERSION_NO)
+
+/* Characters to allow for an OID in a relation path */
+#define OIDCHARS		10		/* max chars printed by %u */
+
 /*
  * Stuff for fork names.
  *