Further cleanup of client dependencies on src/include/catalog headers.

In commit 9c0a0de4c, I'd failed to notice that catalog/catalog.h
should also be considered a frontend-unsafe header, because it includes
(and needs) the full form of pg_class.h, not to mention relcache.h.
However, various frontend code was depending on it to get
TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY, so refactoring of some sort is called for.

The cleanest answer seems to be to move TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY,
as well as the OIDCHARS symbol, to common/relpath.h.  Do that, and mop up
inclusions as necessary.  (I found that quite a few current users of
catalog/catalog.h don't seem to need it at all anymore, apparently as a
result of the refactorings that created common/relpath.[hc].  And
initdb.c needed it only as a route to pg_class_d.h.)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/6629.1523294509@sss.pgh.pa.us

src/backend/replication/basebackup.c

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"	/* for pg_start/stop_backup */
-#include "catalog/catalog.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"