Disallow NaN as a value for floating-point GUCs.

None of the code that uses GUC values is really prepared for them to
hold NaN, but parse_real() didn't have any defense against accepting
such a value.  Treat it the same as a syntax error.

I haven't attempted to analyze the exact consequences of setting any
of the float GUCs to NaN, but since they're quite unlikely to be good,
this seems like a back-patchable bug fix.

Note: we don't need an explicit test for +-Infinity because those will
be rejected by existing range checks.  I added a regression test for
that in HEAD, but not older branches because the spelling of the value
in the error message will be platform-dependent in branches where we
don't always use port/snprintf.c.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1798.1552165479@sss.pgh.pa.us

src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c

@@ -6149,6 +6149,10 @@ parse_real(const char *value, double *result)
 	if (endptr == value || errno == ERANGE)
 		return false;
 
+	/* reject NaN (infinities will fail range checks later) */
+	if (isnan(val))
+		return false;
+
 	/* allow whitespace after number */
 	while (isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
 		endptr++;