Support multi-stage aggregation.

Aggregate nodes now have two new modes: a "partial" mode where they
output the unfinalized transition state, and a "finalize" mode where
they accept unfinalized transition states rather than individual
values as input.

These new modes are not used anywhere yet, but they will be necessary
for parallel aggregation.  The infrastructure also figures to be
useful for cases where we want to aggregate local data and remote
data via the FDW interface, and want to bring back partial aggregates
from the remote side that can then be combined with locally generated
partial aggregates to produce the final value.  It may also be useful
even when neither FDWs nor parallelism are in play, as explained in
the comments in nodeAgg.c.

David Rowley and Simon Riggs, reviewed by KaiGai Kohei, Heikki
Linnakangas, Haribabu Kommi, and me.

src/test/regress/expected/create_aggregate.out

@@ -101,6 +101,24 @@ CREATE AGGREGATE sumdouble (float8)
     msfunc = float8pl,
     minvfunc = float8mi
 );
+-- Test aggregate combine function
+-- ensure create aggregate works.
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum (int)
+(
+	stype = int,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	combinefunc = int4pl
+);
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog
+SELECT aggfnoid,aggtransfn,aggcombinefn,aggtranstype
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'mysum'::REGPROC;
+ aggfnoid | aggtransfn | aggcombinefn | aggtranstype 
+----------+------------+--------------+--------------
+ mysum    | int4pl     | int4pl       |           23
+(1 row)
+
+DROP AGGREGATE mysum (int);
 -- invalid: nonstrict inverse with strict forward function
 CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_n(float8, float8) RETURNS float8 AS
 $$ SELECT $1 - $2; $$

src/test/regress/sql/create_aggregate.sql

@@ -115,6 +115,23 @@ CREATE AGGREGATE sumdouble (float8)
     minvfunc = float8mi
 );
 
+-- Test aggregate combine function
+
+-- ensure create aggregate works.
+CREATE AGGREGATE mysum (int)
+(
+	stype = int,
+	sfunc = int4pl,
+	combinefunc = int4pl
+);
+
+-- Ensure all these functions made it into the catalog
+SELECT aggfnoid,aggtransfn,aggcombinefn,aggtranstype
+FROM pg_aggregate
+WHERE aggfnoid = 'mysum'::REGPROC;
+
+DROP AGGREGATE mysum (int);
+
 -- invalid: nonstrict inverse with strict forward function
 
 CREATE FUNCTION float8mi_n(float8, float8) RETURNS float8 AS