Use the right memory context for partkey's FmgrInfo

We were using CurrentMemoryContext to put the partsupfunc fmgr_info
into, which isn't right, because we want the PartitionKey as a whole to
be in the isolated Relation->rd_partkeycxt context.  This can cause a
crash with user-defined support functions in the operator classes used
by partitioning keys.  (Maybe this can cause problems with core-supplied
opclasses too, not sure.)

This is demonstrably broken in Postgres 10, too, but the initial
proposed fix runs afoul of a problem discussed back when 8a0596cb65
("Get rid of copy_partition_key") reorganized that code: namely that it
is possible to jump out of RelationBuildPartitionKey because of some
error and leave a dangling memory context child of CacheMemoryContext.
Also, while reviewing this I noticed that the removed-in-pg11
copy_partition_key was doing something wrong, unfixed in pg10, namely
doing memcpy() on the FmgrInfo, which is bogus (should be doing
fmgr_info_copy).  Therefore, in branch pg10, the sane fix seems to be to
backpatch both the aforementioned 8a0596cb65 and its followup
be2343221f ("Protect against hypothetical memory leaks in
RelationGetPartitionKey"), so do that, then apply the fmgr_info memcxt
bugfix on top.

Add a test case exercising btree-based custom operator classes, which
causes a crash prior to this fix.  This is not a security problem,
because in order to create an operator class you need superuser
privileges anyway.

Authors: Álvaro Herrera and Amit Langote
Reported and diagnosed by: Amit Langote
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3041e853-b1dd-a0c6-ff21-7cc5633bffd0@lab.ntt.co.jp

src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c

@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ RelationBuildPartitionKey(Relation relation)
 							procnum,
 							format_type_be(opclassform->opcintype))));
 
-		fmgr_info(funcid, &key->partsupfunc[i]);
+		fmgr_info_cxt(funcid, &key->partsupfunc[i], partkeycxt);
 
 		/* Collation */
 		key->partcollation[i] = collation->values[i];

src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out

@@ -837,10 +837,22 @@ Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MA
 Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND ((abs(a) > 6) OR ((abs(a) = 6) AND (abs(b) >= 8))) AND (abs(a) <= 9))
 
 DROP TABLE range_parted4;
+-- user-defined operator class in partition key
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $1 = $2 THEN 0 WHEN $1 > $2 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END; $$;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops FOR TYPE int4 USING btree AS
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4,int4), OPERATOR 2 <= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4,int4), OPERATOR 4 >= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4,int4), FUNCTION 1 my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t (a int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (a test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t_1 PARTITION OF partkey_t FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (100);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (200);
 -- cleanup
 DROP TABLE parted, list_parted, range_parted, list_parted2, range_parted2, range_parted3;
-DROP TABLE hash_parted;
+DROP TABLE partkey_t, hash_parted, hash_parted2;
-DROP TABLE hash_parted2;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops USING btree;
+DROP FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
 -- comments on partitioned tables columns
 CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);
 COMMENT ON TABLE parted_col_comment IS 'Am partitioned table';

src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql

@@ -688,10 +688,23 @@ CREATE TABLE range_parted4_3 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, M
 \d+ range_parted4_3
 DROP TABLE range_parted4;
 
+-- user-defined operator class in partition key
+CREATE FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql
+  AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $1 = $2 THEN 0 WHEN $1 > $2 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END; $$;
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops FOR TYPE int4 USING btree AS
+  OPERATOR 1 < (int4,int4), OPERATOR 2 <= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 3 = (int4,int4), OPERATOR 4 >= (int4,int4),
+  OPERATOR 5 > (int4,int4), FUNCTION 1 my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t (a int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (a test_int4_ops);
+CREATE TABLE partkey_t_1 PARTITION OF partkey_t FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (100);
+INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (200);
+
 -- cleanup
 DROP TABLE parted, list_parted, range_parted, list_parted2, range_parted2, range_parted3;
-DROP TABLE hash_parted;
+DROP TABLE partkey_t, hash_parted, hash_parted2;
-DROP TABLE hash_parted2;
+DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops USING btree;
+DROP FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4);
 
 -- comments on partitioned tables columns
 CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a);