Allow psql's \df and \do commands to specify argument types.

When dealing with overloaded function or operator names, having
to look through a long list of matches is tedious.  Let's extend
these commands to allow specification of (input) argument types
to let such results be trimmed down.  Each additional argument
is treated the same as the pattern argument of \dT and matched
against the appropriate argument's type name.

While at it, fix \dT (and these new options) to recognize the
usual notation of "foo[]" for "the array type over foo", and
to handle the special abbreviations allowed by the backend
grammar, such as "int" for "integer".

Greg Sabino Mullane, revised rather significantly by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmLF9Hhu02N+s7uAyLc5J1xZReg72HQUoiKhNiJV3_jACQ@mail.gmail.com

src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql

@@ -1229,6 +1229,19 @@ drop role regress_partitioning_role;
 \dAp+ btree float_ops
 \dAp * pg_catalog.uuid_ops
 
+-- check \df, \do with argument specifications
+\df *sqrt
+\df *sqrt num*
+\df int*pl
+\df int*pl int4
+\df int*pl * pg_catalog.int8
+\df acl* aclitem[]
+\df has_database_privilege oid text
+\df has_database_privilege oid text -
+\dfa bit* small*
+\do - pg_catalog.int4
+\do && anyarray *
+
 --
 -- combined queries
 --