Allow psql's \df and \do commands to specify argument types.

When dealing with overloaded function or operator names, having
to look through a long list of matches is tedious.  Let's extend
these commands to allow specification of (input) argument types
to let such results be trimmed down.  Each additional argument
is treated the same as the pattern argument of \dT and matched
against the appropriate argument's type name.

While at it, fix \dT (and these new options) to recognize the
usual notation of "foo[]" for "the array type over foo", and
to handle the special abbreviations allowed by the backend
grammar, such as "int" for "integer".

Greg Sabino Mullane, revised rather significantly by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmLF9Hhu02N+s7uAyLc5J1xZReg72HQUoiKhNiJV3_jACQ@mail.gmail.com

src/fe_utils/string_utils.c

@@ -1062,10 +1062,16 @@ patternToSQLRegex(int encoding, PQExpBuffer dbnamebuf, PQExpBuffer schemabuf,
 			 * regexp errors.  Outside quotes, however, let them pass through
 			 * as-is; this lets knowledgeable users build regexp expressions
 			 * that are more powerful than shell-style patterns.
+			 *
+			 * As an exception to that, though, always quote "[]", as that's
+			 * much more likely to be an attempt to write an array type name
+			 * than it is to be the start of a regexp bracket expression.
 			 */
 			if ((inquotes || force_escape) &&
 				strchr("|*+?()[]{}.^$\\", ch))
 				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '\\');
+			else if (ch == '[' && cp[1] == ']')
+				appendPQExpBufferChar(curbuf, '\\');
 			i = PQmblen(cp, encoding);
 			while (i-- && *cp)
 			{