Test and document the behavior of initialization cross-refs in plpgsql.

We had a test showing that a variable isn't referenceable in its
own initialization expression, nor in prior ones in the same block.
It *is* referenceable in later expressions in the same block, but
AFAICS there is no test case exercising that.  Add one, and also
add some error cases.

Also, document that this is possible, since the docs failed to
cover the point.

Per question from tomás at tuxteam.  I don't feel any need to
back-patch this, but we should ensure we don't break it in future.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20211029121435.GA5414@tuxteam.de

doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml

@@ -379,7 +379,17 @@ arow RECORD;
 <programlisting>
 quantity integer DEFAULT 32;
 url varchar := 'http://mysite.com';
-user_id CONSTANT integer := 10;
+transaction_time CONSTANT timestamp with time zone := now();
+</programlisting>
+     </para>
+
+     <para>
+      Once declared, a variable's value can be used in later initialization
+      expressions in the same block, for example:
+<programlisting>
+DECLARE
+  x integer := 1;
+  y integer := x + 1;
 </programlisting>
      </para>