Add new function pg_notification_queue_usage.

This tells you what fraction of NOTIFY's queue is currently filled.

Brendan Jurd, reviewed by Merlin Moncure and Gurjeet Singh.  A few
further tweaks by me.

src/test/isolation/specs/async-notify.spec

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Verify that pg_notification_queue_usage correctly reports a non-zero result,
+# after submitting notifications while another connection is listening for
+# those notifications and waiting inside an active transaction.
+
+session "listener"
+step "listen"	{ LISTEN a; }
+step "begin"	{ BEGIN; }
+teardown		{ ROLLBACK; }
+
+session "notifier"
+step "check"	{ SELECT pg_notification_queue_usage() > 0 AS nonzero; }
+step "notify"	{ SELECT count(pg_notify('a', s::text)) FROM generate_series(1, 1000) s; }
+
+permutation "listen" "begin" "check" "notify" "check"