diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/limits.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/limits.sgml
index f26f4466719..0e9a0b4e94e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/limits.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/limits.sgml
@@ -62,6 +62,13 @@
      below</entry>
     </row>
 
+    <row>
+     <entry><literal>CHECK</literal> constraints per table</entry>
+     <!-- 2^15 - 1 -->
+     <entry>32,767</entry>
+     <entry>constrained by the size of pg_class.relchecks</entry>
+    </row>
+
     <row>
      <entry>columns in a result set</entry>
      <entry>1,664</entry>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 58210c0ead6..86a02e285ad 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2259,7 +2259,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
 static void
 StoreConstraints(Relation rel, List *cooked_constraints, bool is_internal)
 {
-	int			numchecks = 0;
+	int16		numchecks = 0;
 	ListCell   *lc;
 
 	if (cooked_constraints == NIL)
@@ -2283,12 +2283,18 @@ StoreConstraints(Relation rel, List *cooked_constraints, bool is_internal)
 											   is_internal, false);
 				break;
 			case CONSTR_CHECK:
+				if (pg_add_s16_overflow(numchecks, 1, &numchecks))
+					ereport(ERROR,
+							errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
+							errmsg("too many check constraints on relation \"%s\"",
+								   RelationGetRelationName(rel)));
+
 				con->conoid =
 					StoreRelCheck(rel, con->name, con->expr,
 								  !con->skip_validation, con->is_local,
 								  con->inhcount, con->is_no_inherit,
 								  is_internal);
-				numchecks++;
+
 				break;
 			default:
 				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized constraint type: %d",
@@ -2345,7 +2351,7 @@ AddRelationNewConstraints(Relation rel,
 	int			numoldchecks;
 	ParseState *pstate;
 	ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem;
-	int			numchecks;
+	int16		numchecks;
 	List	   *checknames;
 	Node	   *expr;
 	CookedConstraint *cooked;
@@ -2543,6 +2549,16 @@ AddRelationNewConstraints(Relation rel,
 				checknames = lappend(checknames, ccname);
 			}
 
+			/*
+			 * pg_class.relchecks stores this count in an int16, so we should
+			 * avoid overflowing that field
+			 */
+			if (pg_add_s16_overflow(numchecks, 1, &numchecks))
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
+						errmsg("too many check constraints on relation \"%s\"",
+							   RelationGetRelationName(rel)));
+
 			/*
 			 * OK, store it.
 			 */
@@ -2550,8 +2566,6 @@ AddRelationNewConstraints(Relation rel,
 				StoreRelCheck(rel, ccname, expr, cdef->initially_valid, is_local,
 							  is_local ? 0 : 1, cdef->is_no_inherit, is_internal);
 
-			numchecks++;
-
 			cooked = (CookedConstraint *) palloc(sizeof(CookedConstraint));
 			cooked->contype = CONSTR_CHECK;
 			cooked->conoid = constrOid;
@@ -2760,6 +2774,10 @@ SetRelationNumChecks(Relation rel, int numchecks)
 
 	if (relStruct->relchecks != numchecks)
 	{
+		if (numchecks > INT16_MAX || numchecks < 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid new relchecks %d for relation %u",
+				 numchecks, RelationGetRelid(rel));
+
 		relStruct->relchecks = numchecks;
 
 		CatalogTupleUpdate(relrel, &reltup->t_self, reltup);