Fix typos and grammar in docs and comments

This fixes several areas of the documentation and some comments in
matters of style, grammar, or even format.

Author: Justin Pryzby
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201222041153.GK30237@telsasoft.com

src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c

@@ -10418,7 +10418,7 @@ get_sync_bit(int method)
 	 *
 	 * Never use O_DIRECT in walreceiver process for similar reasons; the WAL
 	 * written by walreceiver is normally read by the startup process soon
-	 * after its written. Also, walreceiver performs unaligned writes, which
+	 * after it's written. Also, walreceiver performs unaligned writes, which
 	 * don't work with O_DIRECT, so it is required for correctness too.
 	 */
 	if (!XLogIsNeeded() && !AmWalReceiverProcess())

src/backend/partitioning/partprune.c

@@ -3119,7 +3119,7 @@ get_matching_range_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
 	/*
 	 * If the smallest partition to return has MINVALUE (negative infinity) as
 	 * its lower bound, increment it to point to the next finite bound
-	 * (supposedly its upper bound), so that we don't advertently end up
+	 * (supposedly its upper bound), so that we don't inadvertently end up
 	 * scanning the default partition.
 	 */
 	if (minoff < boundinfo->ndatums && partindices[minoff] < 0)
@@ -3138,7 +3138,7 @@ get_matching_range_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
 	 * If the previous greatest partition has MAXVALUE (positive infinity) as
 	 * its upper bound (something only possible to do with multi-column range
 	 * partitioning), we scan switch to it as the greatest partition to
-	 * return.  Again, so that we don't advertently end up scanning the
+	 * return.  Again, so that we don't inadvertently end up scanning the
 	 * default partition.
 	 */
 	if (maxoff >= 1 && partindices[maxoff] < 0)

src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h

@@ -329,10 +329,15 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	DumpId	   *tableDataId;	/* TABLE DATA ids, indexed by table dumpId */
 
 	struct _tocEntry *currToc;	/* Used when dumping data */
-	int			compression;	/* Compression requested on open Possible
-								 * values for compression: -1
-								 * Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION 0	COMPRESSION_NONE
-								 * 1-9 levels for gzip compression */
+	int			compression;	/*---------
+								 * Compression requested on open().
+								 * Possible values for compression:
+								 * -2	ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+								 * -1	Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION
+								 *  0	COMPRESSION_NONE
+								 * 1-9 levels for gzip compression
+								 *---------
+								 */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */

src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  *	A directory format dump is a directory, which contains a "toc.dat" file
  *	for the TOC, and a separate file for each data entry, named "<oid>.dat".
- *	Large objects (BLOBs) are stored in separate files named "blob_<uid>.dat",
+ *	Large objects (BLOBs) are stored in separate files named "blob_<oid>.dat",
  *	and there's a plain-text TOC file for them called "blobs.toc". If
  *	compression is used, each data file is individually compressed and the
  *	".gz" suffix is added to the filenames. The TOC files are never

src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c

@@ -7018,10 +7018,7 @@ getInherits(Archive *fout, int *numInherits)
 	int			i_inhrelid;
 	int			i_inhparent;
 
-	/*
-	 * Find all the inheritance information, excluding implicit inheritance
-	 * via partitioning.
-	 */
+	/* find all the inheritance information */
 	appendPQExpBufferStr(query, "SELECT inhrelid, inhparent FROM pg_inherits");
 
 	res = ExecuteSqlQuery(fout, query->data, PGRES_TUPLES_OK);

src/bin/pg_upgrade/check.c

@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ output_completion_banner(char *deletion_script_file_name)
 	}
 
 	pg_log(PG_REPORT,
-		   "Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,\n"
-		   "once you start the new server, consider running:\n"
+		   "Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade.\n"
+		   "Once you start the new server, consider running:\n"
 		   "    %s/vacuumdb %s--all --analyze-in-stages\n\n", new_cluster.bindir, user_specification.data);
 
 	if (deletion_script_file_name)

src/tools/msvc/README

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ VSObjectFactory.pm     factory module providing the code to create the
 Description of the internals of the Visual Studio build process
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
 By typing 'build' the user starts the build.bat wrapper which simply passes
-it's arguments to build.pl.
+its arguments to build.pl.
 In build.pl the user's buildenv.pl is used to set up the build environment
 (i. e. path to bison and flex). In addition his config.pl file is merged into
 config_default.pl to create the configuration arguments.