Introduce PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT for TAP suite non-elapsing timeouts.

Slow hosts may avoid load-induced, spurious failures by setting
environment variable PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT to some number of seconds
greater than 180.  Developers may see faster failures by setting that
environment variable to some lesser number of seconds.  In tests, write
$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default wherever the convention has
been to write 180.  This change raises the default for some briefer
timeouts.  Back-patch to v10 (all supported versions).

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220218052842.GA3627003@rfd.leadboat.com

contrib/amcheck/t/002_cic.pl

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ my ($node, $result);
 #
 $node = get_new_node('CIC_test');
 $node->init;
-$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'lock_timeout = 180000');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $TestLib::timeout_default));
 $node->start;
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));

contrib/amcheck/t/003_cic_2pc.pl

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ my ($node, $result);
 $node = get_new_node('CIC_2PC_test');
 $node->init;
 $node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'max_prepared_transactions = 10');
-$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'lock_timeout = 180000');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $TestLib::timeout_default));
 $node->start;
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));
 
 my $main_in    = '';
 my $main_out   = '';
-my $main_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $main_timer = IPC::Run::timeout($TestLib::timeout_default);
 
 my $main_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$main_in, \$main_out,
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ pump $main_h until $main_out =~ /syncpoint1/ || $main_timer->is_expired;
 
 my $cic_in    = '';
 my $cic_out   = '';
-my $cic_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $cic_timer = IPC::Run::timeout($TestLib::timeout_default);
 my $cic_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$cic_in, \$cic_out,
 	$cic_timer, on_error_stop => 1);
@@ -113,9 +114,10 @@ PREPARE TRANSACTION 'persists_forever';
 ));
 $node->restart;
 
-my $reindex_in    = '';
+my $reindex_in  = '';
-my $reindex_out   = '';
+my $reindex_out = '';
-my $reindex_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $reindex_timer =
+  IPC::Run::timeout($TestLib::timeout_default);
 my $reindex_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$reindex_in, \$reindex_out,
 	$reindex_timer, on_error_stop => 1);

src/bin/pg_ctl/t/004_logrotate.pl

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ $node->start();
 $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT 1/0');
 
 # might need to retry if logging collector process is slow...
-my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+my $max_attempts = 10 * $TestLib::timeout_default;
 
 my $current_logfiles;
 for (my $attempts = 0; $attempts < $max_attempts; $attempts++)

src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl

@@ -271,7 +271,8 @@ my %pgdump_runs = (
 			'--no-sync',
 			"--file=$tempdir/only_dump_test_table.sql",
 			'--table=dump_test.test_table',
-			'--lock-wait-timeout=1000000',
+			'--lock-wait-timeout='
+			  . (1000 * $TestLib::timeout_default),
 			'postgres',
 		],
 	},

src/bin/scripts/t/080_pg_isready.pl

@@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ my $node = get_new_node('main');
 $node->init;
 $node->start;
 
-# use a long timeout for the benefit of very slow buildfarm machines
+$node->command_ok(
-$node->command_ok([qw(pg_isready --timeout=60)],
+	[ 'pg_isready', "--timeout=$TestLib::timeout_default" ],
 	'succeeds with server running');

src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ PostgresNode - class representing PostgreSQL server instance
   my ($stdout, $stderr, $timed_out);
   my $cmdret = $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT pg_sleep(600)',
 	  stdout => \$stdout, stderr => \$stderr,
-	  timeout => 180, timed_out => \$timed_out,
+	  timeout => $TestLib::timeout_default,
+	  timed_out => \$timed_out,
 	  extra_params => ['--single-transaction'],
 	  on_error_die => 1)
   print "Sleep timed out" if $timed_out;
@@ -1412,7 +1413,8 @@ e.g.
 	my ($stdout, $stderr, $timed_out);
 	my $cmdret = $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT pg_sleep(600)',
 		stdout => \$stdout, stderr => \$stderr,
-		timeout => 180, timed_out => \$timed_out,
+		timeout => $TestLib::timeout_default,
+		timed_out => \$timed_out,
 		extra_params => ['--single-transaction'])
 
 will set $cmdret to undef and $timed_out to a true value.
@@ -1569,7 +1571,8 @@ scalar reference.  This allows the caller to act on other parts of the system
 while idling this backend.
 
 The specified timer object is attached to the harness, as well.  It's caller's
-responsibility to select the timeout length, and to restart the timer after
+responsibility to set the timeout length (usually
+$TestLib::timeout_default), and to restart the timer after
 each command if the timeout is per-command.
 
 psql is invoked in tuples-only unaligned mode with reading of B<.psqlrc>
@@ -1741,7 +1744,7 @@ sub pgbench
 Run B<$query> repeatedly, until it returns the B<$expected> result
 ('t', or SQL boolean true, by default).
 Continues polling if B<psql> returns an error result.
-Times out after 180 seconds.
+Times out after $TestLib::timeout_default seconds.
 Returns 1 if successful, 0 if timed out.
 
 =cut
@@ -1754,7 +1757,7 @@ sub poll_query_until
 
 	my $cmd = [ 'psql', '-XAt', '-d', $self->connstr($dbname) ];
 	my ($stdout, $stderr);
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $TestLib::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
@@ -1776,8 +1779,8 @@ sub poll_query_until
 		$attempts++;
 	}
 
-	# The query result didn't change in 180 seconds. Give up. Print the
+	# Give up. Print the output from the last attempt, hopefully that's useful
-	# output from the last attempt, hopefully that's useful for debugging.
+	# for debugging.
 	diag qq(poll_query_until timed out executing this query:
 $query
 expecting this output:

src/test/perl/TestLib.pm

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   $windows_os
 );
 
-our ($windows_os, $tmp_check, $log_path, $test_logfile);
+our ($windows_os, $timeout_default, $tmp_check, $log_path, $test_logfile);
 
 BEGIN
 {
@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ BEGIN
 		require Win32API::File;
 		Win32API::File->import(qw(createFile OsFHandleOpen CloseHandle));
 	}
+
+	$timeout_default = $ENV{PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT};
+	$timeout_default = 180
+	  if not defined $timeout_default or $timeout_default eq '';
 }
 
 INIT

src/test/recovery/t/006_logical_decoding.pl

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ $node_master->safe_psql('postgres',
 );
 
 my $stdout_recv = $node_master->pg_recvlogical_upto(
-	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, 180,
+	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, $TestLib::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 chomp($stdout_recv);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ $node_master->poll_query_until('postgres',
 ) or die "slot never became inactive";
 
 $stdout_recv = $node_master->pg_recvlogical_upto(
-	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, 180,
+	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, $TestLib::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 chomp($stdout_recv);

src/test/recovery/t/010_logical_decoding_timelines.pl

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ like(
 ($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node_replica->psql(
 	'postgres',
 	"SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_peek_changes('before_basebackup', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');",
-	timeout => 180);
+	timeout => $TestLib::timeout_default);
 is($ret, 0, 'replay from slot before_basebackup succeeds');
 
 my $final_expected_output_bb = q(BEGIN
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ my $endpos = $node_replica->safe_psql('postgres',
 
 $stdout = $node_replica->pg_recvlogical_upto(
 	'postgres', 'before_basebackup',
-	$endpos,    180,
+	$endpos,    $TestLib::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 

src/test/recovery/t/013_crash_restart.pl

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ plan tests => 18;
 # instance being driven by us, add a timeout high enough that it
 # should never trigger even on very slow machines, unless something
 # is really wrong.
-my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer(60);
+my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer($TestLib::timeout_default);
 
 my $node = get_new_node('master');
 $node->init(allows_streaming => 1);

src/test/recovery/t/017_shm.pl

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ my $slow_client = IPC::Run::start(
 	\$stdout,
 	'2>',
 	\$stderr,
-	IPC::Run::timeout(900));    # five times the poll_query_until timeout
+	IPC::Run::timeout(5 * $TestLib::timeout_default));
 ok( $gnat->poll_query_until(
 		'postgres',
 		"SELECT 1 FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE query = '$slow_query'", '1'),
@@ -133,10 +133,11 @@ $gnat->kill9;
 unlink($gnat->data_dir . '/postmaster.pid');
 $gnat->rotate_logfile;
 log_ipcs();
-# Reject ordinary startup.  Retry for the same reasons poll_start() does.
+# Reject ordinary startup.  Retry for the same reasons poll_start() does,
+# every 0.1s for at least $TestLib::timeout_default seconds.
 my $pre_existing_msg = qr/pre-existing shared memory block/;
 {
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;    # Retry every 0.1s for at least 180s.
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $TestLib::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
 	{
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ sub poll_start
 {
 	my ($node) = @_;
 
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $TestLib::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
@@ -202,8 +203,8 @@ sub poll_start
 		$attempts++;
 	}
 
-	# No success within 180 seconds.  Try one last time without fail_ok, which
+	# Try one last time without fail_ok, which will BAIL_OUT unless it
-	# will BAIL_OUT unless it succeeds.
+	# succeeds.
 	$node->start && return 1;
 	return 0;
 }