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Indexes with INCLUDE columns and their support in B-tree
This patch introduces INCLUDE clause to index definition. This clause specifies a list of columns which will be included as a non-key part in the index. The INCLUDE columns exist solely to allow more queries to benefit from index-only scans. Also, such columns don't need to have appropriate operator classes. Expressions are not supported as INCLUDE columns since they cannot be used in index-only scans. Index access methods supporting INCLUDE are indicated by amcaninclude flag in IndexAmRoutine. For now, only B-tree indexes support INCLUDE clause. In B-tree indexes INCLUDE columns are truncated from pivot index tuples (tuples located in non-leaf pages and high keys). Therefore, B-tree indexes now might have variable number of attributes. This patch also provides generic facility to support that: pivot tuples contain number of their attributes in t_tid.ip_posid. Free 13th bit of t_info is used for indicating that. This facility will simplify further support of index suffix truncation. The changes of above are backward-compatible, pg_upgrade doesn't need special handling of B-tree indexes for that. Bump catalog version Author: Anastasia Lubennikova with contribition by Alexander Korotkov and me Reviewed by: Peter Geoghegan, Tomas Vondra, Antonin Houska, Jeff Janes, David Rowley, Alexander Korotkov Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/56168952.4010101@postgrespro.ru
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@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ tuplesort_begin_cluster(TupleDesc tupDesc,
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workMem, randomAccess ? 't' : 'f');
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#endif
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state->nKeys = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(indexRel);
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state->nKeys = IndexRelationGetNumberOfKeyAttributes(indexRel);
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TRACE_POSTGRESQL_SORT_START(CLUSTER_SORT,
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false, /* no unique check */
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@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ tuplesort_begin_index_btree(Relation heapRel,
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workMem, randomAccess ? 't' : 'f');
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#endif
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state->nKeys = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(indexRel);
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state->nKeys = IndexRelationGetNumberOfKeyAttributes(indexRel);
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TRACE_POSTGRESQL_SORT_START(INDEX_SORT,
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enforceUnique,
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@@ -1015,7 +1015,6 @@ tuplesort_begin_index_btree(Relation heapRel,
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state->enforceUnique = enforceUnique;
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indexScanKey = _bt_mkscankey_nodata(indexRel);
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state->nKeys = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(indexRel);
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/* Prepare SortSupport data for each column */
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state->sortKeys = (SortSupport) palloc0(state->nKeys *
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