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Indexes with INCLUDE columns and their support in B-tree
This patch introduces INCLUDE clause to index definition. This clause specifies a list of columns which will be included as a non-key part in the index. The INCLUDE columns exist solely to allow more queries to benefit from index-only scans. Also, such columns don't need to have appropriate operator classes. Expressions are not supported as INCLUDE columns since they cannot be used in index-only scans. Index access methods supporting INCLUDE are indicated by amcaninclude flag in IndexAmRoutine. For now, only B-tree indexes support INCLUDE clause. In B-tree indexes INCLUDE columns are truncated from pivot index tuples (tuples located in non-leaf pages and high keys). Therefore, B-tree indexes now might have variable number of attributes. This patch also provides generic facility to support that: pivot tuples contain number of their attributes in t_tid.ip_posid. Free 13th bit of t_info is used for indicating that. This facility will simplify further support of index suffix truncation. The changes of above are backward-compatible, pg_upgrade doesn't need special handling of B-tree indexes for that. Bump catalog version Author: Anastasia Lubennikova with contribition by Alexander Korotkov and me Reviewed by: Peter Geoghegan, Tomas Vondra, Antonin Houska, Jeff Janes, David Rowley, Alexander Korotkov Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/56168952.4010101@postgrespro.ru
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@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ Boot_DeclareIndexStmt:
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stmt->accessMethod = $8;
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stmt->tableSpace = NULL;
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stmt->indexParams = $10;
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stmt->indexIncludingParams = NIL;
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stmt->options = NIL;
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stmt->whereClause = NULL;
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stmt->excludeOpNames = NIL;
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@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ Boot_DeclareUniqueIndexStmt:
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stmt->accessMethod = $9;
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stmt->tableSpace = NULL;
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stmt->indexParams = $11;
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stmt->indexIncludingParams = NIL;
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stmt->options = NIL;
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stmt->whereClause = NULL;
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stmt->excludeOpNames = NIL;
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@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ boot_openrel(char *relname)
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relname, (int) ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
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boot_reldesc = heap_openrv(makeRangeVar(NULL, relname, -1), NoLock);
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numattr = boot_reldesc->rd_rel->relnatts;
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numattr = RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(boot_reldesc);
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for (i = 0; i < numattr; i++)
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{
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if (attrtypes[i] == NULL)
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