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Indexes with INCLUDE columns and their support in B-tree

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This patch introduces INCLUDE clause to index definition.  This clause
specifies a list of columns which will be included as a non-key part in
the index.  The INCLUDE columns exist solely to allow more queries to
benefit from index-only scans.  Also, such columns don't need to have
appropriate operator classes.  Expressions are not supported as INCLUDE
columns since they cannot be used in index-only scans.

Index access methods supporting INCLUDE are indicated by amcaninclude flag
in IndexAmRoutine.  For now, only B-tree indexes support INCLUDE clause.

In B-tree indexes INCLUDE columns are truncated from pivot index tuples
(tuples located in non-leaf pages and high keys).  Therefore, B-tree indexes
now might have variable number of attributes.  This patch also provides
generic facility to support that: pivot tuples contain number of their
attributes in t_tid.ip_posid.  Free 13th bit of t_info is used for indicating
that.  This facility will simplify further support of index suffix truncation.
The changes of above are backward-compatible, pg_upgrade doesn't need special
handling of B-tree indexes for that.

Bump catalog version

Author: Anastasia Lubennikova with contribition by Alexander Korotkov and me
Reviewed by: Peter Geoghegan, Tomas Vondra, Antonin Houska, Jeff Janes,
			 David Rowley, Alexander Korotkov
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/56168952.4010101@postgrespro.ru
This commit is contained in:
Teodor Sigaev
2018-04-07 23:00:39 +03:00
parent 01bb85169a
commit 8224de4f42
89 changed files with 2112 additions and 467 deletions
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19
contrib/amcheck/sql/check_btree.sql
View File

@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
-- minimal test, basically just verifying that amcheck
CREATE TABLE bttest_a(id int8);
CREATE TABLE bttest_b(id int8);
CREATE TABLE bttest_multi(id int8, data int8);
INSERT INTO bttest_a SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 100000);
INSERT INTO bttest_b SELECT * FROM generate_series(100000, 1, -1);
INSERT INTO bttest_multi SELECT i, i%2 FROM generate_series(1, 100000) as i;
CREATE INDEX bttest_a_idx ON bttest_a USING btree (id);
CREATE INDEX bttest_b_idx ON bttest_b USING btree (id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX bttest_multi_idx ON bttest_multi
USING btree (id) INCLUDE (data);
CREATE ROLE bttest_role;
@ -57,8 +61,23 @@ WHERE relation = ANY(ARRAY['bttest_a', 'bttest_a_idx', 'bttest_b', 'bttest_b_idx
AND pid = pg_backend_pid();
COMMIT;
-- normal check outside of xact for index with included columns
SELECT bt_index_check('bttest_multi_idx');
-- more expansive test for index with included columns
SELECT bt_index_parent_check('bttest_multi_idx', true);
SELECT bt_index_parent_check('bttest_multi_idx', true);
-- repeat same checks with index made by insertions
TRUNCATE bttest_multi;
INSERT INTO bttest_multi SELECT i, i%2 FROM generate_series(1, 100000) as i;
SELECT bt_index_check('bttest_multi_idx');
SELECT bt_index_parent_check('bttest_multi_idx', true);
SELECT bt_index_parent_check('bttest_multi_idx', true);
-- cleanup
DROP TABLE bttest_a;
DROP TABLE bttest_b;
DROP TABLE bttest_multi;
DROP OWNED BY bttest_role; -- permissions
DROP ROLE bttest_role;