doc: Fix some typos and grammar

This is a first batch of the fixes, for the most obvious fixes.  A
little bit more is under discussion.

Author: Thom Brown, Justin Pryzby
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA-aLv7xCZ0nBJa-NWe0rxBB28TjFjS2JtjiZMoQ+0wsugG+hQ@mail.gmail.com

doc/src/sgml/archive-modules.sgml

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
    <function>_PG_archive_module_init</function>.  The result of the function
    must be a pointer to a struct of type
    <structname>ArchiveModuleCallbacks</structname>, which contains everything
-   that the core code needs to know how to make use of the archive module.  The
+   that the core code needs to know to make use of the archive module.  The
    return value needs to be of server lifetime, which is typically achieved by
    defining it as a <literal>static const</literal> variable in global scope.
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ typedef const ArchiveModuleCallbacks *(*ArchiveModuleInit) (void);
    <para>
     The <function>startup_cb</function> callback is called shortly after the
     module is loaded.  This callback can be used to perform any additional
-    initialization required.  If the archive module has a state, it can use
+    initialization required.  If the archive module has any state, it can use
     <structfield>state->private_data</structfield> to store it.
 
 <programlisting>
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ typedef bool (*ArchiveFileCB) (ArchiveModuleState *state, const char *file, cons
     process exits (e.g., after an error) or the value of
     <xref linkend="guc-archive-library"/> changes.  If no
     <function>shutdown_cb</function> is defined, no special action is taken in
-    these situations.  If the archive module has a state, this callback should
+    these situations.  If the archive module has any state, this callback should
     free it to avoid leaks.
 
 <programlisting>

doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml

@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@
    Each record can be an include directive or an authentication record.
    Include directives specify files that can be included, that contain
    additional records. The records will be inserted in place of the
-   include records. These records only contain two fields:
+   include directives. Include directives only contain two fields:
    <literal>include</literal>, <literal>include_if_exists</literal> or
    <literal>include_dir</literal> directive and the file or directory to be
-   included. The file or directory can be a relative of absolute path, and can
+   included. The file or directory can be a relative or absolute path, and can
    be double-quoted.  For the <literal>include_dir</literal> form, all files
    not starting with a <literal>.</literal> and ending with
    <literal>.conf</literal> will be included. Multiple files within an include
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust
 host    all             all             localhost               trust
 
 # The same using a regular expression for DATABASE, that allows connection
-# to the database db1, db2 and any databases with a name beginning by "db"
+# to the database db1, db2 and any databases with a name beginning with "db"
 # and finishing with a number using two to four digits (like "db1234" or
 # "db12").
 #

doc/src/sgml/indexam.sgml

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ typedef struct IndexAmRoutine
    Access methods that do not point to individual tuples, but to block ranges
    (like <acronym>BRIN</acronym>), may allow the <acronym>HOT</acronym> optimization
    to continue. This does not apply to attributes referenced in index
-   predicates, an update of such attribute always disables <acronym>HOT</acronym>.
+   predicates, an update of such an attribute always disables <acronym>HOT</acronym>.
   </para>
 
  </sect1>

doc/src/sgml/install-windows.sgml

@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ $ENV{PROVE_TESTS}='t/020*.pl t/010*.pl'
     <varlistentry>
      <term><varname>OPENSSL</varname></term>
      <listitem><para>
-      Path to a <application>openssl</application> command. The default is
+      Path to an <application>openssl</application> command. The default is
       <literal>openssl</literal>, which will search for a command by that
       name in the configured <envar>PATH</envar>.
      </para></listitem>

doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ postgres=# select * from pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NU
      primary. Thus, slot creation may need to wait for some activity to happen
      on the primary. If the primary is idle, creating a logical slot on
      standby may take noticeable time. This can be sped up by calling the
-     <function>pg_log_standby_snapshot</function> on the primary.
+     <function>pg_log_standby_snapshot</function> function on the primary.
     </para>
 
     <caution>

doc/src/sgml/pgbuffercache.sgml

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
        <structfield>buffers_used</structfield> <type>int4</type>
       </para>
       <para>
-       Number of unused shared buffers
+       Number of used shared buffers
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 

doc/src/sgml/postgres-fdw.sgml

@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ OPTIONS (ADD password_required 'false');
     When multiple remote subtransactions are involved in the current local
     subtransaction, by default <filename>postgres_fdw</filename> commits or
     aborts those remote subtransactions serially when the local subtransaction
-    is committed or abortd.
+    is committed or aborted.
     Performance can be improved with the following options:
    </para>
 
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ OPTIONS (ADD password_required 'false');
      <term><literal>parallel_commit</literal> (<type>boolean</type>)</term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       This option controls whether <filename>postgres_fdw</filename> commits
+       This option controls whether <filename>postgres_fdw</filename> commits,
-       in parallel remote transactions opened on a foreign server in a local
+       in parallel, remote transactions opened on a foreign server in a local
        transaction when the local transaction is committed. This setting also
        applies to remote and local subtransactions. This option can only be
        specified for foreign servers, not per-table. The default is

doc/src/sgml/ref/create_publication.sgml

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ CREATE PUBLICATION <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
           There can be a case where a subscription combines multiple
           publications. If a partitioned table is published by any
           subscribed publications which set
-          <literal>publish_via_partition_root</literal> = true, changes on this
+          <literal>publish_via_partition_root = true</literal>, changes on this
           partitioned table (or on its partitions) will be published using
           the identity and schema of this partitioned table rather than
           that of the individual partitions.

doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       <term><option>--admin=<replaceable class="parameter">role</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        Indicates role that will be immediately added as a member of the new
+        Indicates a role that will be immediately added as a member of the new
         role with admin option, giving it the right to grant membership in the
         new role to others.  Multiple roles to add as members (with admin
         option) of the new role can be specified by writing multiple
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       <term><option>--role=<replaceable class="parameter">role</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
        <para>
-         Indicates role to which this role will be added immediately as a new
+         Indicates a role to which this role will be added immediately as a new
          member. Multiple roles to which this role will be added as a member
          can be specified by writing multiple
          <option>-g</option> switches.

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_waldump.sgml

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
            <row>
             <entry>FORK</entry>
             <entry>
-             The name of the fork the full page image came from, as of
+             The name of the fork the full page image came from, such as
              <literal>_main</literal>, <literal>_fsm</literal>,
              <literal>_vm</literal>, or <literal>_init</literal>.
             </entry>

doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml

@@ -2903,17 +2903,16 @@ lo_import 152801
 
           <para>
            <literal>full</literal>: the expanded header is not truncated,
-           and will be as wide as the widest output
+           and will be as wide as the widest output line.
-           line.
           </para>
 
           <para>
-           <literal>column</literal>: truncate the header line at the
+           <literal>column</literal>: truncate the header line to the
            width of the first column.
           </para>
 
           <para>
-           <literal>page</literal>: truncate the header line at the terminal
+           <literal>page</literal>: truncate the header line to the terminal
            width.
           </para>
 

doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ REINDEX [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] { DA
      <para>
       Recreate all indexes within the current database, except system
       catalogs.
-      Indexes on shared system catalogs are not processed.
+      Indexes on system catalogs are not processed.
       This form of <command>REINDEX</command> cannot be executed inside a
       transaction block.
      </para>