Fix off-by-one loop count in MapArrayTypeName, and get rid of static array.

MapArrayTypeName would copy up to NAMEDATALEN-1 bytes of the base type
name, which of course is wrong: after prepending '_' there is only room for
NAMEDATALEN-2 bytes.  Aside from being the wrong result, this case would
lead to overrunning the statically allocated work buffer.  This would be a
security bug if the function were ever used outside bootstrap mode, but it
isn't, at least not in any currently supported branches.

Aside from fixing the off-by-one loop logic, this patch gets rid of the
static work buffer by having MapArrayTypeName pstrdup its result; the sole
caller was already doing that, so this just requires moving the pstrdup
call.  This saves a few bytes but mainly it makes the API a lot cleaner.

Back-patch on the off chance that there is some third-party code using
MapArrayTypeName with less-secure input.  Pushing pstrdup into the function
should not cause any serious problems for such hypothetical code; at worst
there might be a short term memory leak.

Per Coverity scanning.

src/include/bootstrap/bootstrap.h

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ extern void InsertOneTuple(Oid objectid);
 extern void InsertOneValue(char *value, int i);
 extern void InsertOneNull(int i);
 
-extern char *MapArrayTypeName(char *s);
+extern char *MapArrayTypeName(const char *s);
 
 extern void index_register(Oid heap, Oid ind, IndexInfo *indexInfo);
 extern void build_indices(void);