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Shrink the pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf default files and move most of the

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inline documentation to the main docs.
This commit is contained in:
Peter Eisentraut 2002-09-14 18:35:46 +00:00
parent d73f8137d2
commit 49c86099f3
3 changed files with 295 additions and 423 deletions
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doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.36 2002/08/16 04:48:16 momjian Exp $ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.37 2002/09/14 18:35:46 petere Exp $
--> -->
<chapter id="client-authentication"> <chapter id="client-authentication">
@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.36 2002/08/16 04:48:16
database user names and OS user names. database user names and OS user names.
</para> </para>
<sect1 id="pg-hba-conf"> <sect1 id="auth-pg-hba-conf">
<title>The <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file</title> <title>The <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file</title>
<indexterm zone="pg-hba-conf"> <indexterm zone="auth-pg-hba-conf">
<primary>pg_hba.conf</primary> <primary>pg_hba.conf</primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.36 2002/08/16 04:48:16
<para> <para>
A record may have one of the three formats A record may have one of the three formats
<synopsis> <synopsis>
local <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> [ <replaceable>authentication-option</replaceable> ] local <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>authentication-option</replaceable></optional>
host <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-mask</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> host <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-mask</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>authentication-option</replaceable></optional>
hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-mask</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-address</replaceable> <replaceable>IP-mask</replaceable> <replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>authentication-option</replaceable></optional>
</synopsis> </synopsis>
The meaning of the fields is as follows: The meaning of the fields is as follows:
@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><literal>local</literal></term> <term><literal>local</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This record applies to connection attempts using Unix domain This record matches connection attempts using Unix domain
sockets. sockets. Without a record of this type, Unix-domain socket
connections are disallowed
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><literal>host</literal></term> <term><literal>host</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This record applied to connection attempts using TCP/IP networks. This record matches connection attempts using TCP/IP networks.
Note that TCP/IP connections are disabled unless the server is Note that TCP/IP connections are disabled unless the server is
started with the <option>-i</option> option or the started with the <option>-i</option> option or the
<literal>tcpip_socket</> <filename>postgresql.conf</> <literal>tcpip_socket</> <filename>postgresql.conf</>
@ -119,13 +120,18 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><literal>hostssl</literal></term> <term><literal>hostssl</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This record applies to connection attempts using SSL over This record matches connection attempts using SSL over TCP/IP.
TCP/IP. To make use of this option the server must be <literal>host</literal> records will match either SSL or
built with SSL support enabled. Furthermore, SSL must be non-SSL connection attempts, but <literal>hostssl</literal>
enabled with the <option>-l</> option or equivalent configuration records require SSL connections.
setting when the server is started. (Note: <literal>host</literal> </para>
records will match either SSL or non-SSL connection attempts, but
<literal>hostssl</literal> records require SSL connections.) <para>
To be able make use of this option the server must be built
with SSL support enabled. Furthermore, SSL must be enabled by
enabling the option <literal>ssl</literal> in
<filename>postgresql.conf</filename> (see <xref
linkend="runtime-config">).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -134,18 +140,18 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><replaceable>database</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable>database</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the database for this record. The value Specifies which databases this record matches. The value
<literal>all</literal> specifies that it applies to all <literal>all</literal> specifies that it matches all databases.
databases, while the value <literal>sameuser</> identifies the The value <literal>sameuser</> specifies that the record
database with the same name as the connecting user. The value matches if the requested database has the same name as the
<literal>samegroup</> identifies a group with the same name as requested user. The value <literal>samegroup</> specifies that
the database name. Only members of this group can connect to the the requested user must a member of the group with the same
database. Otherwise, this is the name of a specific name as the requested database. Otherwise, this is the name of
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database. Multiple database a specific <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database.
names can be supplied by separating them with commas. A file Multiple database names can be supplied by separating them with
containing database names can be specified by preceding the file commas. A file containing database names can be specified by
name with <literal>@</>. The file must be in the same directory preceding the file name with <literal>@</>. The file must be in
as <filename>pg_hba.conf</>. the same directory as <filename>pg_hba.conf</>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -154,41 +160,48 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><replaceable>user</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable>user</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the user for this record. The value Specifies which PostgreSQL users this record matches. The value
<literal>all</literal> specifies that it applies to all users. <literal>all</literal> specifies that it matches all users.
Otherwise, this is the name of a specific Otherwise, this is the name of a specific
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user. Multiple user names <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user. Multiple user names
can be supplied by separating them with commas. Group names can can be supplied by separating them with commas. Group names can
be specified by preceding the group name with <literal>+</>. A be specified by preceding the group name with <literal>+</>. A
file containing user names can be specified by preceding the file file containing user names can be specified by preceding the
name with <literal>@</>. The file must be in the same directory file name with <literal>@</>. The file must be in the same
as <filename>pg_hba.conf</>. directory as <filename>pg_hba.conf</>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><replaceable>IP address</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable>IP-address</replaceable></term>
<term><replaceable>IP mask</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable>IP-mask</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
These two fields specify the client machine IP addresses These two fields contain IP address/mask values in standard
(<literal>host</literal> or <literal>hostssl</literal>) for this dotted decimal notation. (IP addresses can only be specified
record. (Of course IP addresses can be spoofed but this numerically, not as domain or host names.) Taken together they
consideration is beyond the scope of specify the client machine IP addresses that this record
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.) The precise logic is that matches. The precise logic is that
<blockquote> <blockquote>
<informalfigure> <informalfigure>
<programlisting>(<replaceable>actual-IP-address</replaceable> xor <replaceable>IP-address-field</replaceable>) and <replaceable>IP-mask-field</replaceable></programlisting> <programlisting>(<replaceable>actual-IP-address</replaceable> xor <replaceable>IP-address-field</replaceable>) and <replaceable>IP-mask-field</replaceable></programlisting>
</informalfigure> </informalfigure>
</blockquote> </blockquote>
must be zero for the record to match. must be zero for the record to match. (Of course IP addresses
can be spoofed but this consideration is beyond the scope of
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.)
</para>
<para>
These fields only apply to <literal>host</literal> and
<literal>hostssl</literal> records.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><replaceable>authentication method</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable>authentication-method</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the authentication method to use when connecting via Specifies the authentication method to use when connecting via
@ -204,7 +217,8 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
allows anyone that can connect to the allows anyone that can connect to the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database to login as <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database to login as
any <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user they like, any <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user they like,
without the need for a password. without the need for a password. See <xref
linkend="auth-trust"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -226,6 +240,7 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
Requires the client to supply an MD5 encrypted password for Requires the client to supply an MD5 encrypted password for
authentication. This is the only method that allows encrypted authentication. This is the only method that allows encrypted
passwords to be stored in <structname>pg_shadow</structname>. passwords to be stored in <structname>pg_shadow</structname>.
See <xref linkend="auth-password"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -237,6 +252,7 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
Like <literal>md5</literal> method but uses older crypt Like <literal>md5</literal> method but uses older crypt
encryption, which is needed for pre-7.2 clients. encryption, which is needed for pre-7.2 clients.
<literal>md5</literal> is preferred for 7.2 and later clients. <literal>md5</literal> is preferred for 7.2 and later clients.
See <xref linkend="auth-password"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -247,6 +263,7 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<para> <para>
Same as "md5", but the password is sent in cleartext over the Same as "md5", but the password is sent in cleartext over the
network. This should not be used on untrusted networks. network. This should not be used on untrusted networks.
See <xref linkend="auth-password"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -256,7 +273,8 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Kerberos V4 is used to authenticate the user. This is only Kerberos V4 is used to authenticate the user. This is only
available for TCP/IP connections. available for TCP/IP connections. See <xref
linkend="kerberos-auth"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -266,7 +284,8 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Kerberos V5 is used to authenticate the user. This is only Kerberos V5 is used to authenticate the user. This is only
available for TCP/IP connections. available for TCP/IP connections. See <xref
linkend="kerberos-auth"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -274,39 +293,33 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><literal>ident</></term> <term><literal>ident</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
For TCP/IP connections, authentication is done by contacting Obtain the operating system user name of the client (for
the <firstterm>ident</firstterm> server on the client TCP/IP connections by contacting the ident server on the
host. This is only as secure as the client machine. You must client, for local connections by getting it from the
specify the map name after the 'ident' keyword. It operating system) and check if the user is allowed to
determines how to map remote user names to connect as the requested database user by consulting the map
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user names. If you use specified after the <literal>ident</literal> key word.
"sameuser", the user names are assumed to be identical. If </para>
not, the map name is looked up in the $PGDATA/pg_ident.conf
<para>
If you use the map <literal>sameuser</literal>, the user
names are assumed to be identical. If not, the map name is
looked up in the <literal>$PGDATA/pg_ident.conf</literal>
file. The connection is accepted if that file contains an file. The connection is accepted if that file contains an
entry for this map name with the ident-supplied user name entry for this map name with the ident-supplied user name
and the requested <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user and the requested <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user
name. name.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
On machines that support unix-domain socket credentials For local connections, this only works on machines that
(currently Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and BSD/OS), ident allows support Unix-domain socket credentials (currently Linux,
reliable authentication of 'local' connections without ident FreeBSD, NetBSD, and BSD/OS).
running on the local machine.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
On systems without <symbol>SO_PEERCRED</> requests, ident See <xref linkend="auth-ident"> below for details.
authentication is only available for TCP/IP connections. As a
work around, it is possible to specify the <systemitem
class="systemname">localhost</> address <systemitem
class="systemname">127.0.0.1</> and make connections to this
address.
</para>
<para>
Following the <literal>ident</> keyword, an <firstterm>ident
map</firstterm> name should be supplied which specifies which
operating system users equate with which database users. See
below for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -315,27 +328,27 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<term><literal>pam</></term> <term><literal>pam</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This authentication type operates similarly to Authenticate using the Pluggable Authentication Modules
<firstterm>password</firstterm> except that it uses PAM (PAM) service provided by the operating system. See <xref
(Pluggable Authentication Modules) as the authentication linkend="auth-pam"> for details.
mechanism. The default PAM service name is
<literal>postgresql</literal>. You can optionally supply you
own service name after the <literal>pam</> keyword in the
file. For more information about PAM, please read the <ulink
url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/"><productname>Linux-PAM</>
Page</ulink> and the <ulink
url="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/pam/"><systemitem
class="osname">Solaris</> PAM Page</ulink>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable>authentication-option</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The meaning of this optional field depends on the chosen
authentication method and is described in the next section.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</para> </para>
@ -353,6 +366,13 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
range of allowed client IP addresses. range of allowed client IP addresses.
</para> </para>
<important>
<para>
Do not prevent the superuser from accessing the template1
database. Various utility commands need access to template1.
</para>
</important>
<para> <para>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
<primary>SIGHUP</primary> <primary>SIGHUP</primary>
@ -373,55 +393,67 @@ hostssl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable> <rep
<example id="example-pg-hba.conf"> <example id="example-pg-hba.conf">
<title>An example <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file</title> <title>An example <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file</title>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTHTYPE # Allow any user on the local system to connect to any database under
# any user name using Unix-domain sockets (the default for local
# connections).
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
local all all trust
# Allow any user on the local system to connect to any # The same using local loopback TCP/IP connections.
# database under any user name, but only via an IP connection: #
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust
host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust # Allow any user from any host with IP address 192.168.93.x to connect
# to database "template1" as the same user name that ident reports for
# the connection (typically the Unix user name).
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
host template1 all 192.168.93.0 255.255.255.0 ident sameuser
# The same, over Unix-socket connections: # Allow a user from host 192.168.12.10 to connect to database
# "template1" if the user's password is correctly supplied.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
host template1 all 192.168.12.10 255.255.255.255 md5
local all all trust # In the absence of preceding "host" lines, these two lines will
# reject all connection from 192.168.54.1 (since that entry will be
# matched first), but allow Kerberos V connections from anywhere else
# on the Internet. The zero mask means that no bits of the host IP
# address are considered so it matches any host.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
host all all 192.168.54.1 255.255.255.255 reject
host all all 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 krb5
# Allow any user from any host with IP address 192.168.93.x to # Allow users from 192.168.x.x hosts to connect to any database, if
# connect to database "template1" as the same user name that ident on that # they pass the ident check. If, for example, ident says the user is
# host identifies him as (typically his Unix user name): # "bryanh" and he requests to connect as PostgreSQL user "guest1", the
# connection is allowed if there is an entry in pg_ident.conf for map
# "omicron" that says "bryanh" is allowed to connect as "guest1".
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
host all all 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 ident omicron
host template1 all 192.168.93.0 255.255.255.0 ident sameuser # If these are the only three lines for local connections, they will
# allow local users to connect only to their own databases (databases
# with the same name as their user name) except for administrators and
# members of group "support" who may connect to all databases. The file
# $PGDATA/admins contains a list of user names. Passwords are required in
# all cases.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
local sameuser all md5
local all @admins md5
local all +support md5
# Allow a user from host 192.168.12.10 to connect to database "template1" # The last two lines above can be combined into a single line:
# if the user's password is correctly supplied: local all @admins,+support md5
host template1 all 192.168.12.10 255.255.255.255 md5 # The database column can also use lists and file names, but not groups:
local db1,db2,@demodbs all md5
# In the absence of preceding "host" lines, these two lines will reject
# all connection attempts from 192.168.54.1 (since that entry will be
# matched first), but allow Kerberos V5-validated connections from anywhere
# else on the Internet. The zero mask means that no bits of the host IP
# address are considered, so it matches any host:
host all all 192.168.54.1 255.255.255.255 reject
host all all 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 krb5
# Allow users from 192.168.x.x hosts to connect to any database, if they
# pass the ident check. If, for example, ident says the user is "bryanh"
# and he requests to connect as <productname>PostgreSQL</> user "guest1", the connection
# is allowed if there is an entry in pg_ident.conf for map "omicron" that
# says "bryanh" is allowed to connect as "guest1":
host all all 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 ident omicron
# If these are the only two lines for local connections, they will allow
# local users to connect only to their own databases (database named the
# same as the user name), except for administrators who may connect to
# all databases. The file $PGDATA/admins lists the user names who are
# permitted to connect to all databases. Passwords are required in all
# cases. (If you prefer to use ident authorization, an ident map can
# serve a parallel purpose to the password list file used here.)
local sameuser all md5
local all @admins md5
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</example> </example>
</para> </para>
@ -542,10 +574,10 @@ local all @admins md5
<productname>Kerberos</productname> system is far beyond the scope <productname>Kerberos</productname> system is far beyond the scope
of this document; in all generality it can be quite complex (yet of this document; in all generality it can be quite complex (yet
powerful). The <ulink powerful). The <ulink
url="http://www.nrl.navy.mil/CCS/people/kenh/kerberos-faq.html">Kerb url="http://www.nrl.navy.mil/CCS/people/kenh/kerberos-faq.html">Kerberos
eros <acronym>FAQ</></ulink> or <ulink <acronym>FAQ</></ulink> or <ulink
url="ftp://athena-dist.mit.edu">MIT Project Athena</ulink> can be a url="ftp://athena-dist.mit.edu">MIT Project Athena</ulink> can be
good starting point for exploration. Several sources for a good starting point for exploration. Several sources for
<productname>Kerberos</> distributions exist. <productname>Kerberos</> distributions exist.
</para> </para>
@ -620,13 +652,25 @@ local all @admins md5
</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2> <sect2 id="auth-ident">
<title>Ident-based authentication</title> <title>Ident-based authentication</title>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
<primary>ident</primary> <primary>ident</primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para>
The ident authentication method works by inspecting the client's
operating system user name and determining the allowed database
user names by using a map file that lists the permitted
corresponding user name pairs. The determination of the client's
user name is the security-critical point, and it works differently
depending on the connection type.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Ident Authentication over TCP/IP</title>
<para> <para>
The <quote>Identification Protocol</quote> is described in The <quote>Identification Protocol</quote> is described in
<citetitle>RFC 1413</citetitle>. Virtually every Unix-like <citetitle>RFC 1413</citetitle>. Virtually every Unix-like
@ -660,15 +704,35 @@ local all @admins md5
</para> </para>
</blockquote> </blockquote>
</para> </para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ident Authentication over Local Sockets</title>
<para> <para>
On systems supporting <symbol>SO_PEERCRED</symbol> requests for On systems supporting <symbol>SO_PEERCRED</symbol> requests for
Unix-domain sockets, ident authentication can also be applied to Unix-domain sockets (currently <systemitem
local connections. In this case, no security risk is added by using class="osname">Linux</>, <systemitem class="osname">FreeBSD</>,
ident authentication; indeed it is a preferable choice for local <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>, and <systemitem
connections on such systems. class="osname">BSD/OS</>, ident authentication can also be applied
to local connections. In this case, no security risk is added by
using ident authentication; indeed it is a preferable choice for
local connections on such systems.
</para> </para>
<para>
On systems without <symbol>SO_PEERCRED</> requests, ident
authentication is only available for TCP/IP connections. As a
work around, it is possible to specify the <systemitem
class="systemname">localhost</> address <systemitem
class="systemname">127.0.0.1</> and make connections to this
address.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ident Maps</title>
<para> <para>
When using ident-based authentication, after having determined the When using ident-based authentication, after having determined the
name of the operating system user that initiated the connection, name of the operating system user that initiated the connection,
@ -731,16 +795,35 @@ local all @admins md5
<example id="example-pg-ident.conf"> <example id="example-pg-ident.conf">
<title>An example <filename>pg_ident.conf</> file</title> <title>An example <filename>pg_ident.conf</> file</title>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
#MAP IDENT-NAME POSTGRESQL-NAME # MAPNAME IDENT-USERNAME PG-USERNAME
omicron bryanh bryanh omicron bryanh bryanh
omicron ann ann omicron ann ann
# bob has user name robert on these machines # bob has user name robert on these machines
omicron robert bob omicron robert bob
# bryanh can also connect as guest1 # bryanh can also connect as guest1
omicron bryanh guest1 omicron bryanh guest1
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</example> </example>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="auth-pam">
<title>PAM Authentication</title>
<para>
This authentication type operates similarly to
<firstterm>password</firstterm> except that it uses PAM (Pluggable
Authentication Modules) as the authentication mechanism. The
default PAM service name is <literal>postgresql</literal>. You can
optionally supply you own service name after the <literal>pam</>
keyword in the file. For more information about PAM, please read
the <ulink
url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/"><productname>Linux-PAM</>
Page</ulink> and the <ulink
url="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/pam/"><systemitem
class="osname">Solaris</> PAM Page</ulink>.
</para>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>

295
src/backend/libpq/pg_hba.conf.sample
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@ -1,259 +1,48 @@
# # PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
# PostgreSQL HOST-BASED ACCESS (HBA) CONTROL FILE # ===================================================
#
#
# This file controls:
# o which hosts are allowed to connect
# o how users are authenticated on each host
# o databases accessible by each host
#
# It is read on postmaster startup and when the postmaster receives a SIGHUP.
# If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the postmaster
# for the changes to take effect, or use "pg_ctl reload".
#
# Each line is a new record. Records cannot span multiple lines.
# Comments begin with # and continue to the end of the line.
# Blank lines are ignored. A record consists of tokens separated by
# spaces or tabs.
#
# Each record specifies a connection type and authentication method. Most
# records also can restrict based on database name or IP address.
# #
# When reading this file, the postmaster finds the first record that # Refer to the PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide, chapter "Client
# matches the connection type, client address, and database name, and uses # Authentication" for a complete description. A short synopsis
# that record to perform client authentication. If no record matches, the # follows.
# connection is rejected.
# #
# The first token of a record indicates the connection type. The # This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
# remainder of the record is interpreted based on that type. # are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
# # databases they can access. Records take one of three forms:
# Record Types
# ============
#
# There are three record types:
# o host
# o hostssl
# o local
#
# host
# ----
#
# This record identifies hosts that are permitted to connect via TCP/IP.
#
# Format:
#
# host DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
#
# DATABASE can be:
# o a database name
# o "sameuser", which means a user can only access a database with the
# same name as their user name
# o "samegroup", which means a user can only access databases when they
# are members of a group with the same name as the database name
# o "all", which matches all databases
# o a list of database names, separated by commas
# o a file name containing database names, starting with '@'
# #
# USER can be: # local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTION]
# o a user name # host DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD [OPTION]
# o "all", which matches all users # hostssl DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD [OPTION]
# o a list of user names, separated by commas
# o a group name, starting with '+'
# o a file name containing user names, starting with '@'
# #
# Files read using '@' can contain comma-separated database/user names, # (The uppercase quantities should be replaced by actual values.)
# or one name per line. The files can also contain comments using '#'. # DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samegroup", a database name (or
# a comma-separated list thereof), or a file name prefixed with "@".
# USER can be "all", an actual user name or a group name prefixed with
# "+" or a list containing either. IP-ADDRESS and IP-MASK specify the
# set of hosts the record matches. METHOD can be "trust", "reject",
# "md5", "crypt", "password", "krb4", "krb5", "ident", or "pam". Note
# that "password" uses clear-text passwords; "md5" is preferred for
# encrypted passwords. OPTION is the ident map or the name of the PAM
# service.
# #
# IP_ADDRESS and MASK are standard dotted decimal IP address and # This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
# mask values. IP addresses can only be specified numerically, not as # a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
# domain or host names. # to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect, or use
# # "pg_ctl reload".
# Do not prevent the superuser from accessing the template1 database.
# Various utility commands need access to template1.
#
# AUTH_TYPE is described below.
#
#
# hostssl
# -------
#
# The format of this record is identical to "host".
#
# It specifies hosts that require connection via secure SSL. "host"
# allows SSL connections too, but "hostssl" requires SSL-secured
# connections.
#
# This keyword is only available if the server was compiled with SSL
# support.
#
#
# local
# -----
#
# This record identifies the authentication for local UNIX domain socket
# connections. Without this record, UNIX-socket connections are disallowed
#
# Format:
# local DATABASE USER AUTH_TYPE
#
# This format is identical to the "host" record type except there are no
# IP_ADDRESS and MASK fields.
#
#
#
# Authentication Types (AUTH_TYPE)
# ================================
#
# AUTH_TYPE indicates the method used to authenticate users. Each record
# has an AUTH_TYPE.
#
# trust:
# No authentication is done. Any valid user name is accepted,
# including the PostgreSQL superuser. This option should
# be used only for hosts where all users are trusted.
#
# md5:
# Requires the client to supply an MD5 encrypted password for
# authentication. This is the only method that allows encrypted
# passwords to be stored in pg_shadow.
#
# crypt:
# Same as "md5", but uses crypt for pre-7.2 clients.
#
# password:
# Same as "md5", but the password is sent in cleartext over
# the network. This should not be used on untrusted
# networks.
#
# ident:
# For TCP/IP connections, authentication is done by contacting the
# ident server on the client host. This is only as secure as the
# client machine. You must specify the map name after the 'ident'
# keyword. It determines how to map remote user names to
# PostgreSQL user names. If you use "sameuser", the user names are
# assumed to be identical. If not, the map name is looked up
# in the $PGDATA/pg_ident.conf file. The connection is accepted if
# that file contains an entry for this map name with the
# ident-supplied username and the requested PostgreSQL username.
#
# On machines that support unix-domain socket credentials
# (currently Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and BSD/OS), ident allows
# reliable authentication of 'local' connections without ident
# running on the local machine.
#
# krb4:
# Kerberos V4 authentication is used. Allowed only for
# TCP/IP connections, not for local UNIX-domain sockets.
#
# krb5:
# Kerberos V5 authentication is used. Allowed only for
# TCP/IP connections, not for local UNIX-domain sockets.
#
# pam:
# Authentication is done by PAM using the default service name
# "postgresql". You can specify your own service name by adding
# the service name after the 'pam' keyword. To use this option,
# PostgreSQL must be configured --with-pam.
#
# reject:
# Reject the connection. This is used to reject certain hosts
# that are part of a network specified later in the file.
# To be effective, "reject" must appear before the later
# entries.
#
#
#
# Examples
# ========
#
#
# Allow any user on the local system to connect to any database under any
# username using Unix-domain sockets (the default for local connections):
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# local all all trust
#
# The same using local loopback TCP/IP connections:
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust
#
# Allow any user from any host with IP address 192.168.93.x to
# connect to database "template1" as the same username that ident reports
# for the connection (typically his Unix username):
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# host template1 all 192.168.93.0 255.255.255.0 ident sameuser
#
# Allow a user from host 192.168.12.10 to connect to database "template1"
# if the user's password is correctly supplied:
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# host template1 all 192.168.12.10 255.255.255.255 md5
#
# In the absence of preceding "host" lines, these two lines will reject
# all connection from 192.168.54.1 (since that entry will be matched
# first), but allow Kerberos V5 connections from anywhere else on the
# Internet. The zero mask means that no bits of the host IP address are
# considered so it matches any host:
#
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# host all all 192.168.54.1 255.255.255.255 reject
# host all all 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 krb5
#
# Allow users from 192.168.x.x hosts to connect to any database if they
# pass the ident check. For example, if ident says the user is "james" and
# he requests to connect as PostgreSQL user "guest", the connection is
# allowed if there is an entry in $PGDATA/pg_ident.conf with map name
# "phoenix" that says "james" is allowed to connect as "guest":
# See $PGDATA/pg_ident.conf for more information on Ident maps.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# host all all 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 ident phoenix
#
# If these are the only three lines for local connections, they will
# allow local users to connect only to their own databases (databases
# with the same name as their user name) except for administrators and
# members of group 'support' who may connect to all databases . The file
# $PGDATA/admins contains a list of user names. Passwords are required in
# all cases.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
# local sameuser all md5
# local all @admins md5
# local all +support md5
#
# The last two lines above can be combined into a single line:
#
# local all @admins,+support md5
#
# The database column can also use lists and file names, but not groups:
#
# local db1,db2,@demodbs all md5
#
#
#
#
#
#
# Put your actual configuration here
# ==================================
#
# The default configuration allows any local user to connect using any
# PostgreSQL username, including the superuser, over either UNIX domain
# sockets or TCP/IP.
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more "host"
# records. Also, remember TCP/IP connections are only enabled if you
# start the postmaster with the -i flag, or enable "tcpip_socket" in
# $PGDATA/postgresql.conf.
#
# CAUTION: if you are on a multiple-user machine, the default
# configuration is probably too liberal for you. Change it to use
# something other than "trust" authentication.
#
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP_ADDRESS MASK AUTH_TYPE
local all all trust # Put your actual configuration here
host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust # ----------------------------------
#
# CAUTION: The default configuration allows any local user to connect
# using any PostgreSQL user name, including the superuser, over either
# Unix-domain sockets or TCP/IP. If you are on a multiple-user
# machine, the default configuration is probably too liberal for you.
# Change it to use something other than "trust" authentication.
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
# "host" records. Also, remember TCP/IP connections are only enabled
# if you enable "tcpip_socket" in postgresql.conf.
# TYPE DATABASE USER IP-ADDRESS IP-MASK METHOD
local all all trust
host all all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 trust

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src/backend/libpq/pg_ident.conf.sample
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@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
# # PostgreSQL Ident Authentication Maps
# PostgreSQL IDENT-BASED AUTHENTICATION MAPS # ====================================
#
# This file controls PostgreSQL ident-based authentication. It maps ident
# usernames (typically Unix usernames) to their corresponding PostgreSQL
# usernames. Entries are grouped by map name. Each record consists of
# three fields:
#
# o map name
# o ident username
# o PostgreSQL username
#
# It is read on postmaster startup and when the postmaster receives a SIGHUP.
# If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the postmaster
# for the changes to take effect.
# #
# For example, the following entry equates user "james" on a remote system # Refer to the PostgreSQL Administrator's Guide, chapter "Client
# to PostgreSQL user "guest" in the map named "phoenix": # Authentication" for a complete description. A short synopsis
# # follows.
# MAP IDENT PGUSERNAME #
# phoenix james guest # This file controls PostgreSQL ident-based authentication. It maps
# # ident user names (typically Unix user names) to their corresponding
# "phoenix" can now be used by an "ident" record in $DATA/pg_hba.conf. # PostgreSQL user names. Records are of the form:
# #
# Multiple maps may be specified in this file and used by pg_hba.conf. # MAPNAME IDENT-USERNAME PG-USERNAME
# #
# Note that it is possible for a remote user to map to multiple PostgreSQL # (The uppercase quantities should be replaced by actual values.)
# usernames. The PostgreSQL username specified at connection time controls # MAPNAME is the (otherwise freely chosen) map name that was used in
# which one is used. # pg_hba.conf. IDENT-USERNAME is the detected user name of the
# # client. PG-USERNAME is the request PostgreSQL user name. The
# If all ident usernames and PostgreSQL usernames are the same, you don't # existence of a record specifies that IDENT-USERNAME may connect as
# need this file. Instead, use the special map name "sameuser" in # PG-USERNAME. Multiple maps may be specified in this file and used
# by pg_hba.conf.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
# a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
# to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect, or use
# "pg_ctl reload".
# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
#
# No map names are defined in the default configuration. If all ident
# user names and PostgreSQL user names are the same, you don't need
# this file. Instead, use the special map name "sameuser" in
# pg_hba.conf. # pg_hba.conf.
#
# MAP IDENT PGUSERNAME # MAPNAME IDENT-USERNAME PG-USERNAME