Avoid assuming that index-only scan data matches the index's rowtype.

In general the data returned by an index-only scan should have the
datatypes originally computed by FormIndexDatum.  If the index opclasses
use "storage" datatypes different from their input datatypes, the scan
tuple will not have the same rowtype attributed to the index; but we had
a hard-wired assumption that that was true in nodeIndexonlyscan.c.  We'd
already hacked around the issue for the one case where the types are
different in btree indexes (btree name_ops), but this would definitely
come back to bite us if we ever implement index-only scans in GiST.

To fix, require the index AM to explicitly provide the tupdesc for the
tuple it is returning.  btree can just pass back the index's tupdesc, but
GiST will have to work harder when and if it supports index-only scans.

I had previously proposed fixing this by allowing the index AM to fill the
scan tuple slot directly; but on reflection that seemed like a module
layering violation, since TupleTableSlots are creatures of the executor.
At least in the btree case, it would also be less efficient, since the
tuple deconstruction work would occur even for rows later found to be
invisible to the scan's snapshot.

src/include/access/relscan.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "access/genam.h"
 #include "access/heapam.h"
 #include "access/itup.h"
+#include "access/tupdesc.h"
 
 
 typedef struct HeapScanDescData
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ typedef struct IndexScanDescData
 
 	/* in an index-only scan, this is valid after a successful amgettuple */
 	IndexTuple	xs_itup;		/* index tuple returned by AM */
+	TupleDesc	xs_itupdesc;	/* rowtype descriptor of xs_itup */
 
 	/* xs_ctup/xs_cbuf/xs_recheck are valid after a successful index_getnext */
 	HeapTupleData xs_ctup;		/* current heap tuple, if any */