Refactor to reduce code duplication for function property checking.

As noted by Andres Freund, we'd accumulated quite a few similar functions
in clauses.c that examine all functions in an expression tree to see if
they satisfy some boolean test.  Reduce the duplication by inventing a
function check_functions_in_node() that applies a simple callback function
to each SQL function OID appearing in a given expression node.  This also
fixes some arguable oversights; for example, contain_mutable_functions()
did not check aggregate or window functions for mutability.  I doubt that
that represents a live bug at the moment, because we don't really consider
mutability for aggregates; but it might someday be one.

I chose to put check_functions_in_node() in nodeFuncs.c because it seemed
like other modules might wish to use it in future.  That in turn forced
moving set_opfuncid() et al into nodeFuncs.c, as the alternative was for
nodeFuncs.c to depend on optimizer/setrefs.c which didn't seem very clean.

In passing, teach contain_leaked_vars_walker() about a few more expression
node types it can safely look through, and improve the rather messy and
undercommented code in has_parallel_hazard_walker().

Discussion: <20160527185853.ziol2os2zskahl7v@alap3.anarazel.de>

src/backend/optimizer/util/predtest.c

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
 #include "optimizer/clauses.h"
-#include "optimizer/planmain.h"
 #include "optimizer/predtest.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/inval.h"