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Clean up pages. Add information for operator precedence.
Split introduction sections into separate files to allow the legal notice and notation sections appear in all documents without having the history show up everplace too. Add full list of reserved and non-reserved key words in syntax.sgml. Add a separate chapter to the admin guide on security.
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Thomas G. Lockhart
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doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml
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doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml
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<chapter id="syntax">
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<title>SQL Syntax</title>
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<sect1>
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<title>Key Words</title>
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<para>
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<acronym>SQL92</acronym> defines <firstterm>key words</firstterm> for the language
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which have specific meaning. Some key words are
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<firstterm>reserved</firstterm>, which indicates that they are
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restricted to appear in only certain contexts. Other key words are
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<firstterm>not restricted</firstterm>, which indicates that in certain contexts they
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have a specific meaning but are not otherwise constrained.
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<para>
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<productname>Postgres</productname> implements an extended subset of the
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<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> languages. Some language
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elements are not as restricted in this implementation as is
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called for in the language standards, in part due
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to the extensibility features of <productname>Postgres</productname>.
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<para>
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Information on <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> key words
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is derived from <xref linkend="DATE97" endterm="DATE97-full">.
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<Sect2>
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<Title>Reserved Key Words</Title>
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<Para>
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<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
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<firstterm>reserved key words</firstterm> which are not allowed
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as identifiers and not allowed in any usage other than as fundamental
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tokens in <acronym>SQL</acronym> statements.
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<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional key words
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which have similar restrictions. In particular, these key words
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are not allowed as column or table names, though in some cases
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they are allowed to be column labels (i.e. in AS clauses).
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<tip>
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<para>
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Any string can be specified as an identifier if surrounded by
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double quotes (<quote>like this!</quote>). Some care is required since
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such an identifier will be case sensitive
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and will retain embedded whitespace.
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</tip>
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<para>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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reserved words which are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words. These are allowed
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to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
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<programlisting>
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ABORT ANALYZE
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BINARY
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CLUSTER CONSTRAINT COPY
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DO
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EXPLAIN EXTEND
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LISTEN LOAD LOCK
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MOVE
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NEW NONE NOTIFY
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RESET
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SETOF SHOW
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UNLISTEN UNTIL
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VACUUM VERBOSE
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</programlisting>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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reserved words which are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words, and which
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are allowed to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers:
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<programlisting>
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CROSS CURRENT
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FALSE FOREIGN
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GROUP
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ORDER
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POSITION PRECISION
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TABLE TRANSACTION TRUE
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</programlisting>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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reserved words which are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words:
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<programlisting>
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ADD ALL ALTER AND ANY AS ASC
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BEGIN BETWEEN BOTH BY
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CASCADE CAST CHAR CHARACTER CHECK CLOSE COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT
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CONSTRAINT CREATE CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME
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CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR
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DECIMAL DECLARE DEFAULT DELETE DESC DISTINCT DROP
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END EXECUTE EXISTS EXTRACT
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FETCH FLOAT FOR FROM FULL
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GRANT
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HAVING
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IN INNER INSERT INTERVAL INTO IS
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JOIN
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LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL
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NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NO NOT NULL NUMERIC
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ON OR OUTER
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PARTIAL PRIMARY PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC
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REFERENCES REVOKE RIGHT ROLLBACK
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SELECT SET SUBSTRING
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TIMESTAMP TO TRAILING TRIM
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UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USER USING
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VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW
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WHERE WITH WORK
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</programlisting>
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The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> reserved key words which
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are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but which
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if used as function names are always translated into the function
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<function>length</function>:
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<programlisting>
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CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH
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</programlisting>
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The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> or <acronym>SQL3</acronym>
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reserved key words which
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are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but
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if used as type names which are always translated into an alternate, native type:
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<programlisting>
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BOOLEAN DOUBLE FLOAT INT INTEGER INTERVAL REAL SMALLINT
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words
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which are not key words in <productname>Postgres</productname>.
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These have no proscribed usage in <productname>Postgres</productname>
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at the time of writing (v6.4) but may become reserved key words in the
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future:
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<note>
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<para>
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Some of these key words represent functions in <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
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These functions are defined in <productname>Postgres</productname>,
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but the parser does not consider the names to be key words and they are allowed
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in other contexts.
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</note>
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<programlisting>
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ALLOCATE ARE ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG
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BIT BIT_LENGTH
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CASCADED CASE CATALOG COALESCE COLLATION
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CONNECT CONNECTION CONSTRAINTS CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT
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DATE DEALLOCATE DEC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DOMAIN
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ELSE END-EXEC ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXTERNAL
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FIRST FOUND
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GET GLOBAL GO GOTO
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IDENTITY IMMEDIATE INDICATOR INITIALLY INPUT INTERSECT ISOLATION
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LAST LEVEL LOWER
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MAX MIN MODULE
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NULLIF
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OCTET_LENGTH OPEN OUTPUT OVERLAPS
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PREPARE PRESERVE
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RESTRICT ROWS
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SCHEMA SECTION SESSION SESSION_USER SIZE SOME
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SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUM SYSTEM_USER
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TEMPORARY THEN TRANSLATE TRANSLATION
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UNKNOWN UPPER USAGE
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VALUE
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WHEN WHENEVER WRITE
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</programlisting>
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<Sect2>
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<Title>Non-reserved Keywords</Title>
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<Para>
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<acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have
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<firstterm>non-reserved keywords</firstterm> which have
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a proscribed meaning in the language but which are also allowed
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as identifiers.
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<productname>Postgres</productname> has additional keywords
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which allow similar unrestricted usage.
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In particular, these keywords
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are allowed as column or table names.
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<para>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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non-reserved key words which are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
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<programlisting>
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AFTER AGGREGATE
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BACKWARD BEFORE
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CACHE CREATEDB CREATEUSER CYCLE
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DATABASE DELIMITERS
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EACH ENCODING
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FORWARD FUNCTION
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HANDLER
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INCREMENT INDEX INHERITS INSENSITIVE INSTEAD ISNULL
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LANCOMPILER LOCATION
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MAXVALUE MINVALUE
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NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NOTHING NOTNULL
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OIDS OPERATOR
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PASSWORD PROCEDURAL
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RECIPE RENAME RETURNS ROW RULE
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SEQUENCE SERIAL START STATEMENT STDIN STDOUT
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TRUSTED
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VALID VERSION
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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non-reserved key words which are <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words:
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<programlisting>
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ABSOLUTE ACTION
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DAY
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HOUR
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INSENSITIVE
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KEY
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LANGUAGE
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MATCH MINUTE MONTH
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NEXT
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OF ONLY OPTION
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PRIOR PRIVILEGES
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READ RELATIVE
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SCROLL SECOND
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TIME TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TRIGGER
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YEAR
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ZONE
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The following are <productname>Postgres</productname>
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non-reserved key words which are also either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words:
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<programlisting>
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TYPE
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
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or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words which are not
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key words of any kind in <productname>Postgres</productname>:
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<programlisting>
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ADA
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C CATALOG_NAME CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME
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CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CLASS_ORIGIN COBOL COLLATION_CATALOG
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COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_NAME
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COMMAND_FUNCTION COMMITTED CONDITION_NUMBER
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CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME
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CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CURSOR_NAME
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DATA DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
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DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
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FORTRAN
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LENGTH
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MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MORE MUMPS
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NAME NULLABLE NUMBER
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PAD PASCAL PLI
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REPEATABLE RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
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RETURNED_SQLSTATE ROW_COUNT
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SCALE SCHEMA_NAME SERIALIZABLE SERVER_NAME SPACE
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SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
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TABLE_NAME
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UNCOMMITTED UNNAMED
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</programlisting>
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