Refactor Perl test code

The original code was a bit clunky; make it more amenable for further
reuse by creating a new Perl package PostgresNode, which is an
object-oriented representation of a single server, with some support
routines such as init, start, stop, psql.  This serves as a better basis
on which to build further test code, and enables writing tests that use
more than one server without too much complication.

This commit modifies a lot of the existing test files, mostly to remove
explicit calls to system commands (pg_ctl) replacing them with method
calls of a PostgresNode object.  The result is quite a bit more
straightforward.

Also move some initialization code to BEGIN and INIT blocks instead of
having it straight in as top-level code.

This commit also introduces package RecursiveCopy so that we can copy
whole directories without having to depend on packages that may not be
present on vanilla Perl 5.8 installations.

I also ran perltidy on the modified files, which changes some code sites
that are not otherwise touched by this patch.  I tried to avoid this,
but it ended up being more trouble than it's worth.

Authors: Michael Paquier, Álvaro Herrera
Review: Noah Misch

src/bin/scripts/t/010_clusterdb.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 13;
 
@@ -7,20 +9,22 @@ program_help_ok('clusterdb');
 program_version_ok('clusterdb');
 program_options_handling_ok('clusterdb');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
-	[ 'clusterdb', 'postgres' ],
+$node->issues_sql_like(
+	['clusterdb'],
 	qr/statement: CLUSTER;/,
 	'SQL CLUSTER run');
 
-command_fails([ 'clusterdb', '-t', 'nonexistent', 'postgres' ],
+$node->command_fails([ 'clusterdb', '-t', 'nonexistent' ],
 	'fails with nonexistent table');
 
-psql 'postgres',
-'CREATE TABLE test1 (a int); CREATE INDEX test1x ON test1 (a); CLUSTER test1 USING test1x';
-issues_sql_like(
-	[ 'clusterdb', '-t', 'test1', 'postgres' ],
+$node->psql('postgres',
+'CREATE TABLE test1 (a int); CREATE INDEX test1x ON test1 (a); CLUSTER test1 USING test1x'
+);
+$node->issues_sql_like(
+	[ 'clusterdb', '-t', 'test1' ],
 	qr/statement: CLUSTER test1;/,
 	'cluster specific table');

src/bin/scripts/t/011_clusterdb_all.pl

@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 2;
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+# clusterdb -a is not compatible with -d, hence enforce environment variable
+# correctly.
+$ENV{PGDATABASE} = 'postgres';
+
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'clusterdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: CLUSTER.*statement: CLUSTER/s,
 	'cluster all databases');

src/bin/scripts/t/020_createdb.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 13;
 
@@ -7,16 +9,18 @@ program_help_ok('createdb');
 program_version_ok('createdb');
 program_options_handling_ok('createdb');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createdb', 'foobar1' ],
 	qr/statement: CREATE DATABASE foobar1/,
 	'SQL CREATE DATABASE run');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createdb', '-l', 'C', '-E', 'LATIN1', '-T', 'template0', 'foobar2' ],
 	qr/statement: CREATE DATABASE foobar2 ENCODING 'LATIN1'/,
 	'create database with encoding');
 
-command_fails([ 'createdb', 'foobar1' ], 'fails if database already exists');
+$node->command_fails([ 'createdb', 'foobar1' ],
+	'fails if database already exists');

src/bin/scripts/t/030_createlang.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 14;
 
@@ -7,18 +9,17 @@ program_help_ok('createlang');
 program_version_ok('createlang');
 program_options_handling_ok('createlang');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-command_fails(
-	[ 'createlang', 'plpgsql', 'postgres' ],
+$node->command_fails([ 'createlang', 'plpgsql' ],
 	'fails if language already exists');
 
-psql 'postgres', 'DROP EXTENSION plpgsql';
-issues_sql_like(
-	[ 'createlang', 'plpgsql', 'postgres' ],
+$node->psql('postgres', 'DROP EXTENSION plpgsql');
+$node->issues_sql_like(
+	[ 'createlang', 'plpgsql' ],
 	qr/statement: CREATE EXTENSION "plpgsql"/,
 	'SQL CREATE EXTENSION run');
 
-command_like([ 'createlang', '--list', 'postgres' ],
-	qr/plpgsql/, 'list output');
+$node->command_like([ 'createlang', '--list' ], qr/plpgsql/, 'list output');

src/bin/scripts/t/040_createuser.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 17;
 
@@ -7,24 +9,26 @@ program_help_ok('createuser');
 program_version_ok('createuser');
 program_options_handling_ok('createuser');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createuser', 'user1' ],
 qr/statement: CREATE ROLE user1 NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;/,
 	'SQL CREATE USER run');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createuser', '-L', 'role1' ],
 qr/statement: CREATE ROLE role1 NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT NOLOGIN;/,
 	'create a non-login role');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createuser', '-r', 'user2' ],
 qr/statement: CREATE ROLE user2 NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;/,
 	'create a CREATEROLE user');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'createuser', '-s', 'user3' ],
 qr/statement: CREATE ROLE user3 SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;/,
 	'create a superuser');
 
-command_fails([ 'createuser', 'user1' ], 'fails if role already exists');
+$node->command_fails([ 'createuser', 'user1' ],
+	'fails if role already exists');

src/bin/scripts/t/050_dropdb.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 11;
 
@@ -7,13 +9,15 @@ program_help_ok('dropdb');
 program_version_ok('dropdb');
 program_options_handling_ok('dropdb');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-psql 'postgres', 'CREATE DATABASE foobar1';
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->psql('postgres', 'CREATE DATABASE foobar1');
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'dropdb', 'foobar1' ],
 	qr/statement: DROP DATABASE foobar1/,
 	'SQL DROP DATABASE run');
 
-command_fails([ 'dropdb', 'nonexistent' ], 'fails with nonexistent database');
+$node->command_fails([ 'dropdb', 'nonexistent' ],
+	'fails with nonexistent database');

src/bin/scripts/t/060_droplang.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 11;
 
@@ -7,14 +9,15 @@ program_help_ok('droplang');
 program_version_ok('droplang');
 program_options_handling_ok('droplang');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'droplang', 'plpgsql', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: DROP EXTENSION "plpgsql"/,
 	'SQL DROP EXTENSION run');
 
-command_fails(
+$node->command_fails(
 	[ 'droplang', 'nonexistent', 'postgres' ],
 	'fails with nonexistent language');

src/bin/scripts/t/070_dropuser.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 11;
 
@@ -7,13 +9,15 @@ program_help_ok('dropuser');
 program_version_ok('dropuser');
 program_options_handling_ok('dropuser');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-psql 'postgres', 'CREATE ROLE foobar1';
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->psql('postgres', 'CREATE ROLE foobar1');
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'dropuser', 'foobar1' ],
 	qr/statement: DROP ROLE foobar1/,
 	'SQL DROP ROLE run');
 
-command_fails([ 'dropuser', 'nonexistent' ], 'fails with nonexistent user');
+$node->command_fails([ 'dropuser', 'nonexistent' ],
+	'fails with nonexistent user');

src/bin/scripts/t/080_pg_isready.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 10;
 
@@ -9,7 +11,8 @@ program_options_handling_ok('pg_isready');
 
 command_fails(['pg_isready'], 'fails with no server running');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-command_ok(['pg_isready'], 'succeeds with server running');
+$node->command_ok(['pg_isready'], 'succeeds with server running');

src/bin/scripts/t/090_reindexdb.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 20;
 
@@ -7,35 +9,36 @@ program_help_ok('reindexdb');
 program_version_ok('reindexdb');
 program_options_handling_ok('reindexdb');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
 $ENV{PGOPTIONS} = '--client-min-messages=WARNING';
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX DATABASE postgres;/,
 	'SQL REINDEX run');
 
-psql 'postgres',
-  'CREATE TABLE test1 (a int); CREATE INDEX test1x ON test1 (a);';
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->psql('postgres',
+	'CREATE TABLE test1 (a int); CREATE INDEX test1x ON test1 (a);');
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-t', 'test1', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX TABLE test1;/,
 	'reindex specific table');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-i', 'test1x', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX INDEX test1x;/,
 	'reindex specific index');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-S', 'pg_catalog', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX SCHEMA pg_catalog;/,
 	'reindex specific schema');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-s', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX SYSTEM postgres;/,
 	'reindex system tables');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-v', '-t', 'test1', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX \(VERBOSE\) TABLE test1;/,
 	'reindex with verbose output');

src/bin/scripts/t/091_reindexdb_all.pl

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use TestLib;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use Test::More tests => 2;
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
 $ENV{PGOPTIONS} = '--client-min-messages=WARNING';
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX.*statement: REINDEX/s,
 	'reindex all databases');

src/bin/scripts/t/100_vacuumdb.pl

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
 use Test::More tests => 18;
 
@@ -7,26 +9,27 @@ program_help_ok('vacuumdb');
 program_version_ok('vacuumdb');
 program_options_handling_ok('vacuumdb');
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM;/,
 	'SQL VACUUM run');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-f', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM \(FULL\);/,
 	'vacuumdb -f');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-F', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM \(FREEZE\);/,
 	'vacuumdb -F');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-z', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM \(ANALYZE\);/,
 	'vacuumdb -z');
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-Z', 'postgres' ],
 	qr/statement: ANALYZE;/,
 	'vacuumdb -Z');

src/bin/scripts/t/101_vacuumdb_all.pl

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use TestLib;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use Test::More tests => 2;
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM.*statement: VACUUM/s,
 	'vacuum all databases');

src/bin/scripts/t/102_vacuumdb_stages.pl

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use TestLib;
+
+use PostgresNode;
 use Test::More tests => 4;
 
-my $tempdir = tempdir;
-start_test_server $tempdir;
+my $node = get_new_node();
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
 
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '--analyze-in-stages', 'postgres' ],
 qr/.*statement:\ SET\ default_statistics_target=1;\ SET\ vacuum_cost_delay=0;
                    .*statement:\ ANALYZE.*
@@ -16,8 +18,7 @@ qr/.*statement:\ SET\ default_statistics_target=1;\ SET\ vacuum_cost_delay=0;
                    .*statement:\ ANALYZE/sx,
 	'analyze three times');
 
-
-issues_sql_like(
+$node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '--analyze-in-stages', '--all' ],
 qr/.*statement:\ SET\ default_statistics_target=1;\ SET\ vacuum_cost_delay=0;
                    .*statement:\ ANALYZE.*