Add pg_sequence system catalog

Move sequence metadata (start, increment, etc.) into a proper system
catalog instead of storing it in the sequence heap object.  This
separates the metadata from the sequence data.  Sequence metadata is now
operated on transactionally by DDL commands, whereas previously
rollbacks of sequence-related DDL commands would be ignored.

Reviewed-by: Andreas Karlsson <andreas@proxel.se>

src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_rewrite.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_seclabel.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_sequence.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdepend.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shdescription.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel.h"
@@ -668,6 +669,17 @@ static const struct cachedesc cacheinfo[] = {
 		},
 		8
 	},
+	{SequenceRelationId,			/* SEQRELID */
+		SequenceRelidIndexId,
+		1,
+		{
+			Anum_pg_sequence_seqrelid,
+			0,
+			0,
+			0
+		},
+		32
+	},
 	{StatisticRelationId,		/* STATRELATTINH */
 		StatisticRelidAttnumInhIndexId,
 		3,