Validate ICU locales.

For ICU collations, ensure that the locale's language exists in ICU,
and that the locale can be opened.

Basic validation helps avoid minor mistakes and misspellings, which
often fall back to the root locale instead of the intended
locale. It's even more important to avoid such mistakes in ICU
versions 54 and earlier, where the same (misspelled) locale string
could fall back to different locales depending on the environment.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/11b1eeb7e7667fdd4178497aeb796c48d26e69b9.camel@j-davis.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/df2efad0cae7c65180df8e5ebb709e5eb4f2a82b.camel@j-davis.com
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut

src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample

@@ -731,6 +731,9 @@
 #lc_numeric = 'C'			# locale for number formatting
 #lc_time = 'C'				# locale for time formatting
 
+#icu_validation_level = ERROR		# report ICU locale validation
+					# errors at the given level
+
 # default configuration for text search
 #default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'