Teach xlogreader to follow timeline switches

Uses page-based mechanism to ensure we’re using the correct timeline.

Tests are included to exercise the functionality using a cold disk-level copy
of the master that's started up as a replica with slots intact, but the
intended use of the functionality is with later features.

Craig Ringer, reviewed by Simon Riggs and Andres Freund

src/include/access/xlogreader.h

@@ -161,6 +161,22 @@ struct XLogReaderState
 
 	/* beginning of the WAL record being read. */
 	XLogRecPtr	currRecPtr;
+	/* timeline to read it from, 0 if a lookup is required */
+	TimeLineID	currTLI;
+	/*
+	 * Safe point to read to in currTLI if current TLI is historical
+	 * (tliSwitchPoint) or InvalidXLogRecPtr if on current timeline.
+	 *
+	 * Actually set to the start of the segment containing the timeline
+	 * switch that ends currTLI's validity, not the LSN of the switch
+	 * its self, since we can't assume the old segment will be present.
+	 */
+	XLogRecPtr	currTLIValidUntil;
+	/*
+	 * If currTLI is not the most recent known timeline, the next timeline to
+	 * read from when currTLIValidUntil is reached.
+	 */
+	TimeLineID	nextTLI;
 
 	/* Buffer for current ReadRecord result (expandable) */
 	char	   *readRecordBuf;