Add support for Visual Studio 2022 in build scripts

Documentation and any code paths related to VS are updated to keep the
whole consistent.  Similarly to 2017 and 2019, the version of VS and the
version of nmake that we use to determine which code paths to use for
the build are still inconsistent in their own way.

Backpatch down to 10, so as buildfarm members are able to use this new
version of Visual Studio on all the stable branches supported.

Author: Hans Buschmann
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1633101364685.39218@nidsa.net
Backpatch-through: 10

src/tools/msvc/MSBuildProject.pm

@@ -573,4 +573,29 @@ sub new
 	return $self;
 }
 
+package VC2022Project;
+
+#
+# Package that encapsulates a Visual C++ 2022 project file
+#
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(VC2012Project);
+
+no warnings qw(redefine);    ## no critic
+
+sub new
+{
+	my $classname = shift;
+	my $self      = $classname->SUPER::_new(@_);
+	bless($self, $classname);
+
+	$self->{vcver}           = '17.00';
+	$self->{PlatformToolset} = 'v143';
+	$self->{ToolsVersion}    = '17.0';
+
+	return $self;
+}
+
 1;

src/tools/msvc/README

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ MSVC build
 ==========
 
 This directory contains the tools required to build PostgreSQL using
-Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 - 2019. This builds the whole backend, not just
+Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 - 2022. This builds the whole backend, not just
 the libpq frontend library. For more information, see the documentation
 chapter "Installation on Windows" and the description below.
 
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ These configuration arguments are passed over to Mkvcbuild::mkvcbuild
 (Mkvcbuild.pm) which creates the Visual Studio project and solution files.
 It does this by using VSObjectFactory::CreateSolution to create an object
 implementing the Solution interface (this could be either a VS2005Solution,
-a VS2008Solution, a VS2010Solution or a VS2012Solution or a VS2013Solution,
-or a VS2015Solution or a VS2017Solution or a VS2019Solution, all in
-Solution.pm, depending on the user's build environment) and adding objects
+a VS2008Solution, a VS2010Solution, a VS2012Solution, a VS2013Solution,
+a VS2015Solution, a VS2017Solution, a VS2019Solution or a VS2022Solution, all
+in Solution.pm, depending on the user's build environment) and adding objects
 implementing the corresponding Project interface (VC2005Project or
 VC2008Project from VCBuildProject.pm or VC2010Project or VC2012Project or
-VC2013Project or VC2015Project or VC2017Project or VC2019Project from
-MSBuildProject.pm) to it.
+VC2013Project or VC2015Project or VC2017Project or VC2019Project or
+VC2022Project from MSBuildProject.pm) to it.
 When Solution::Save is called, the implementations of Solution and Project
 save their content in the appropriate format.
 The final step of starting the appropriate build program (msbuild or vcbuild)

src/tools/msvc/Solution.pm

@@ -1086,6 +1086,34 @@ sub new
 	return $self;
 }
 
+package VS2022Solution;
+
+#
+# Package that encapsulates a Visual Studio 2022 solution file
+#
+
+use Carp;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use base qw(Solution);
+
+no warnings qw(redefine);    ## no critic
+
+sub new
+{
+	my $classname = shift;
+	my $self      = $classname->SUPER::_new(@_);
+	bless($self, $classname);
+
+	$self->{solutionFileVersion}        = '12.00';
+	$self->{vcver}                      = '17.00';
+	$self->{visualStudioName}           = 'Visual Studio 2022';
+	$self->{VisualStudioVersion}        = '17.0.31903.59';
+	$self->{MinimumVisualStudioVersion} = '10.0.40219.1';
+
+	return $self;
+}
+
 sub GetAdditionalHeaders
 {
 	my ($self, $f) = @_;

src/tools/msvc/VSObjectFactory.pm

@@ -75,6 +75,16 @@ sub CreateSolution
 	{
 		return new VS2019Solution(@_);
 	}
+
+	# The version of nmake bundled in Visual Studio 2022 is greater
+	# than 14.30 and less than 14.40.  And the version number is
+	# actually 17.00.
+	elsif (
+		($visualStudioVersion ge '14.30' && $visualStudioVersion lt '14.40')
+		|| $visualStudioVersion eq '17.00')
+	{
+		return new VS2022Solution(@_);
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		croak
@@ -135,6 +145,16 @@ sub CreateProject
 	{
 		return new VC2019Project(@_);
 	}
+
+	# The version of nmake bundled in Visual Studio 2022 is greater
+	# than 14.30 and less than 14.40.  And the version number is
+	# actually 17.00.
+	elsif (
+		($visualStudioVersion ge '14.30' && $visualStudioVersion lt '14.40')
+		|| $visualStudioVersion eq '17.00')
+	{
+		return new VC2022Project(@_);
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		croak
@@ -166,13 +186,13 @@ sub _GetVisualStudioVersion
 	my ($major, $minor) = @_;
 
 	# The major visual studio that is supported has nmake
-	# version <= 14.30, so stick with it as the latest version
+	# version <= 14.40, so stick with it as the latest version
 	# if bumping on something even newer.
-	if ($major >= 14 && $minor >= 30)
+	if ($major >= 14 && $minor >= 40)
 	{
 		carp
 		  "The determined version of Visual Studio is newer than the latest supported version. Returning the latest supported version instead.";
-		return '14.20';
+		return '14.30';
 	}
 	elsif ($major < 6)
 	{