Flush Memoize cache when non-key parameters change

It's possible that a subplan below a Memoize node contains a parameter
from above the Memoize node.  If this parameter changes then cache entries
may become out-dated due to the new parameter value.

Previously Memoize was mistakenly not aware of this.  We fix this here by
flushing the cache whenever a parameter that's not part of the cache
key changes.

Bug: #17213
Reported by: Elvis Pranskevichus
Author: David Rowley
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17213-988ed34b225a2862@postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 14, where Memoize was added

src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c

@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ static Query *substitute_actual_srf_parameters(Query *expr,
 											   int nargs, List *args);
 static Node *substitute_actual_srf_parameters_mutator(Node *node,
 													  substitute_actual_srf_parameters_context *context);
+static bool pull_paramids_walker(Node *node, Bitmapset **context);
 
 
 /*****************************************************************************
@@ -5214,3 +5215,33 @@ substitute_actual_srf_parameters_mutator(Node *node,
 								   substitute_actual_srf_parameters_mutator,
 								   (void *) context);
 }
+
+/*
+ * pull_paramids
+ *		Returns a Bitmapset containing the paramids of all Params in 'expr'.
+ */
+Bitmapset *
+pull_paramids(Expr *expr)
+{
+	Bitmapset  *result = NULL;
+
+	(void) pull_paramids_walker((Node *) expr, &result);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static bool
+pull_paramids_walker(Node *node, Bitmapset **context)
+{
+	if (node == NULL)
+		return false;
+	if (IsA(node, Param))
+	{
+		Param	   *param = (Param *)node;
+
+		*context = bms_add_member(*context, param->paramid);
+		return false;
+	}
+	return expression_tree_walker(node, pull_paramids_walker,
+								  (void *) context);
+}