Require that array literals produce "rectangular" arrays, i.e. all the

subarrays of a given dimension have the same number of elements/subarrays.

Also repair a longstanding undocumented (as far as I can see) ability to
explicitly set array bounds in the array literal syntax. It now can
deal properly with negative array indicies. Modify array_out so that
arrays with non-standard lower bounds (i.e. not 1) are output with
the expicit dimension syntax. This fixes a longstanding issue whereby
arrays with non-default lower bounds had them changed to default
after a dump/reload cycle.

Modify regression tests and docs to suit, and add some minimal
documentation regarding the explicit dimension syntax.

src/test/regress/expected/arrays.out

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2][1:2], c, d, e, f, g)
 INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2], c, d[1:2])
    VALUES ('{}', '{3,4}', '{foo,bar}', '{bar,foo}');
 SELECT * FROM arrtest;
-      a      |        b        |     c     |       d       |     e     |        f        |      g      
--------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+-----------------+-------------
- {1,2,3,4,5} | {{{0,0},{1,2}}} | {}        | {}            | {1.1,2.2} | {}              | {}
- {11,12,23}  | {{3,4},{4,5}}   | {foobar}  | {{elt1,elt2}} | {3.4,6.7} | {"abc  ",abcde} | {abc,abcde}
- {}          | {3,4}           | {foo,bar} | {bar,foo}     |           |                 | 
+      a      |        b        |     c     |       d       |        e        |        f        |      g      
+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------
+ {1,2,3,4,5} | {{{0,0},{1,2}}} | {}        | {}            | [0:1]={1.1,2.2} | {}              | {}
+ {11,12,23}  | {{3,4},{4,5}}   | {foobar}  | {{elt1,elt2}} | {3.4,6.7}       | {"abc  ",abcde} | {abc,abcde}
+ {}          | {3,4}           | {foo,bar} | {bar,foo}     |                 |                 | 
 (3 rows)
 
 SELECT arrtest.a[1],
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ SELECT array_append(array[42], 6) AS "{42,6}";
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT array_prepend(6, array[42]) AS "{6,42}";
- {6,42} 
---------
- {6,42}
+    {6,42}    
+--------------
+ [0:1]={6,42}
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4]) AS "{1,2,3,4}";
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4]) AS "{1,2,3,4}";
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]]) AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
- {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}} 
----------------------
- {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}
+      {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}       
+--------------------------------
+ [0:2][1:2]={{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]], ARRAY[1,2]) AS "{{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}}";
@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{1,2,3}";
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] AS "{0,1,2}";
- {0,1,2} 
----------
- {0,1,2}
+    {0,1,2}    
+---------------
+ [0:2]={0,1,2}
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || ARRAY[3,4] AS "{1,2,3,4}";
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ SELECT ARRAY[0,0] || ARRAY[1,1] || ARRAY[2,2] AS "{0,0,1,1,2,2}";
 (1 row)
 
 SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{0,1,2,3}";
- {0,1,2,3} 
------------
- {0,1,2,3}
+    {0,1,2,3}    
+-----------------
+ [0:3]={0,1,2,3}
 (1 row)
 
 -- array casts

src/test/regress/expected/domain.out

@@ -72,29 +72,29 @@ create table domarrtest
            ( testint4arr domainint4arr
            , testtextarr domaintextarr
             );
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"}{"c","d"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2}{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"}{"c","d"}{"e"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"}{"c"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b"}{"c","d","e"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2},{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"},{"e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"},{"c"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
 select * from domarrtest;
   testint4arr  |     testtextarr     
 ---------------+---------------------
- {2,2}         | {{a,c},{"",d}}
- {{2,2},{0,2}} | {{a,b}}
- {2,2}         | {{a},{c},{e}}
- {2,2}         | {{c},{""}}
-               | {{a,c,""},{"",d,e}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d}}
+ {{2,2},{2,2}} | {{a,b}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a,b},{c,d},{e,f}}
+ {2,2}         | {{a},{c}}
+               | {{a,b,c},{d,e,f}}
 (5 rows)
 
 select testint4arr[1], testtextarr[2:2] from domarrtest;
  testint4arr | testtextarr 
 -------------+-------------
-           2 | {{"",d}}
+           2 | {{c,d}}
              | 
+           2 | {{c,d}}
            2 | {{c}}
-           2 | {{""}}
-             | {{"",d,e}}
+             | {{d,e,f}}
 (5 rows)
 
 drop table domarrtest;

src/test/regress/sql/domain.sql

@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ create table domarrtest
            ( testint4arr domainint4arr
            , testtextarr domaintextarr
             );
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"}{"c","d"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2}{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"}{"c","d"}{"e"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"}{"c"}}');
-INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b"}{"c","d","e"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{{2,2},{2,2}}', '{{"a","b"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a","b"},{"c","d"},{"e","f"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values ('{2,2}', '{{"a"},{"c"}}');
+INSERT INTO domarrtest values (NULL, '{{"a","b","c"},{"d","e","f"}}');
 select * from domarrtest;
 select testint4arr[1], testtextarr[2:2] from domarrtest;