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Move FAQ_AIX information to installation instructions.

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The information on why the shared libraries are built the way they are
was not relevant to end users and has been made a mailing list archive
link in Makefile.shlib.
This commit is contained in:
Peter Eisentraut
2008-11-24 11:59:37 +00:00
parent cb10467d30
commit 0884acbcab
3 changed files with 299 additions and 495 deletions
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doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml
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<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.314 2008/11/21 16:46:19 petere Exp $ -->
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.315 2008/11/24 11:59:37 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="installation">
<title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]>
@ -2041,6 +2041,302 @@ kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
installation issues.
</para>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-aix">
<title>AIX</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-aix">
<primary>AIX</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
PostgreSQL on AIX works, but getting it installed properly can be
challenging. Both AIX version 4.3 and 5.3 are supported in
theory. You can use GCC or the native IBM compiler xlc. In
general, using recent versions of AIX and PostgreSQL helps. Check
the build farm for up to date information about which versions of
AIX are known to work.
</para>
<para>
Use the following <command>configure</command> flags in addition
to your own if you have Readline or libz
there: <literal>--with-includes=/usr/local/include
--with-libraries=/usr/local/lib</literal>.
</para>
<para>
If you don't have a PowerPC or use GCC you might see rounding
differences in the geometry regression test. There will probably
be warnings about 0.0/0.0 division and duplicate symbols which you
can safely ignore.
</para>
<para>
Some of the AIX tools may be <quote>a little different</quote>
from what you may be accustomed to on other platforms. If you are
looking for a version of <command>ldd</command>, useful for
determining what object code depends on what libraries, the
following URLs may help you:
<ulink url="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/aix-faq/part4/section-22.html"></ulink>,
<ulink url="http://www.han.de/~jum/aix/ldd.c"></ulink>.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>AIX 4.3.2</title>
<para>
On AIX 4.3.2, you need <filename>libm.a</filename> that is in the
fileset bos.adt.libm. Try the following command:
<screen>
$ lslpp -l bos.adt.libm
</screen>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>GCC issues</title>
<para>
On AIX 5.3, there have been some problems getting PostgreSQL to
compile and run using GCC.
</para>
<para>
You will want to use a version of GCC subsequent to 3.3.2,
particularly if you use a prepackaged version. We had good
success with 4.0.1. Problems with earlier versions seem to have
more to do with the way IBM packaged GCC than with actual issues
with GCC, so that if you compile GCC yourself, you might well
have success with an earlier version of GCC.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Unix-domain sockets broken</title>
<para>
AIX 5.3 has a problem
where <structname>sockadr_storage</structname> is not defined to
be large enough. In version 5.3, IBM increased the size of
<structname>sockaddr_un</structname>, the address structure for
Unix-domain sockets, but did not correspondingly increase the
size of <structname>sockadr_storage</structname>. The result of
this is that attempts to use Unix-domain sockets with PostgreSQL
lead to libpq overflowing the data structure. TCP/IP connections
work OK, but not Unix-domain sockets, which prevents the
regression tests from working.
</para>
<para>
The problem was reported to IBM, and is recorded as bug report
PMR29657. If you upgrade to maintenance level 5300-03, that will
include this fix. Use the command <literal>oslevel -r</literal>
to determine what maintenance level you are at. An immediate
resolution is to alter <symbol>_SS_MAXSIZE</symbol> to = 1025 in
<filename>/usr/include/sys/socket.h</filename>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Memory Management</title>
<!-- http://archives.postgresql.org/message-id/603bgqmpl9.fsf@dba2.int.libertyrms.com -->
<para>
AIX can be somewhat peculiar with regards to the way it does
memory management. You can have a server with many multiples of
gigabytes of RAM free, but still get out of memory or address
space errors when running applications. One example
is <command>createlang</command> failing with unusual errors.
For example, running as the owner of the PostgreSQL installation:
<screen>
-bash-3.00$ createlang plpgsql template1
createlang: language installation failed: ERROR: could not load library "/opt/dbs/pgsql748/lib/plpgsql.so": A memory address is not in the address space for the process.
</screen>
Running as a non-owner in the group posessing the PostgreSQL
installation:
<screen>
-bash-3.00$ createlang plpgsql template1
createlang: language installation failed: ERROR: could not load library "/opt/dbs/pgsql748/lib/plpgsql.so": Bad address
</screen>
Another example is out of memory errors in the PostgreSQL server
logs, with every memory allocation near or greater than 256 MB
failing.
</para>
<para>
The overall cause of all these problems is the default bittedness
and memory model used by the server process. By default, all
binaries built on AIX are 32-bit. This does not depend upon
hardware type or kernel in use. These 32-bit processes are
limited to 4 GB of memory laid out in 256 MB segments using one
of a few models. The default allows for less than 256 MB in the
heap as it shares a single segment with the stack.
</para>
<para>
In the case of the <command>createlang</command> example, above,
check your umask and the permissions of the binaries in your
PostgreSQL installation. The binaries involved in that example
were 32-bit and installed as mode 750 instead of 755. Due to the
permissions being set in this fashion, only the owner or a member
of the possessing group can load the library. Since it isn't
world-readable, the loader places the object into the process'
heap instead of the shared library segments where it would
otherwise be placed.
</para>
<para>
The <quote>ideal</quote> solution for this is to use a 64-bit
build of PostgreSQL, but that is not always practical, because
systems with 32-bit processors can build, but not run, 64-bit
binaries.
</para>
<para>
If a 32-bit binary is desired, set <symbol>LDR_CNTRL</symbol> to
<literal>MAXDATA=0x<replaceable>n</replaceable>0000000</literal>,
where 1 &lt;= n &lt;= 8, before starting the PostgreSQL server,
and try different values and <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>
settings to find a configuration that works satisfactorily. This
use of <symbol>LDR_CNTRL</symbol> tells AIX that you want the
server to have <symbol>MAXDATA</symbol> bytes set aside for the
heap, allocated in 256 MB segments. When you find a workable
configuration,
<command>ldedit</command> can be used to modify the binaries so
that they default to using the desired heap size. PostgreSQL can
also be rebuilt, passing <literal>configure
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bmaxdata:0x<replaceable>n</replaceable>0000000"</literal>
to achieve the same effect.
</para>
<para>
For a 64-bit build, set <envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar> to 64 and
pass <literal>CC="gcc -maix64"</literal>
and <literal>LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc"</literal>
to <command>configure</command>. (Options for
<command>xlc</command> might differ.) If you omit the export of
<envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar>, your build may fail with linker errors. When
<envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar> is set, it tells AIX's build utilities
such as <command>ar</>, <command>as</>, and <command>ld</> what
type of objects to default to handling.
</para>
<para>
By default, overcommit of paging space can happen. While we have
not seen this occur, AIX will kill processes when it runs out of
memory and the overcommit is accessed. The closest to this that
we have seen is fork failing because the system decided that
there was not enough memory for another process. Like many other
parts of AIX, the paging space allocation method and
out-of-memory kill is configurable on a system- or process-wide
basis if this becomes a problem.
</para>
<bibliography>
<title>References and resources</title>
<biblioentry>
<biblioset relation="article">
<title><ulink url="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/aixprggd/genprogc/lrg_prg_support.htm">Large Program Support</ulink></title>
</biblioset>
<biblioset relation="book">
<title>AIX Documentation: General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs</title>
</biblioset>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<biblioset relation="article">
<title><ulink url="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/aixprggd/genprogc/address_space.htm">Program Address Space Overview</ulink></title>
</biblioset>
<biblioset relation="book">
<title>AIX Documentation: General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs</title>
</biblioset>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<biblioset relation="article">
<title><ulink url="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/aixbman/prftungd/resmgmt2.htm">Performance Overview of the Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)</ulink></title>
</biblioset>
<biblioset relation="book">
<title>AIX Documentation: Performance Management Guide</title>
</biblioset>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<biblioset relation="article">
<title><ulink url="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/aixbman/prftungd/memperf7.htm">Page Space Allocation</ulink></title>
</biblioset>
<biblioset relation="book">
<title>AIX Documentation: Performance Management Guide</title>
</biblioset>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<biblioset relation="article">
<title><ulink url="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/aixbman/prftungd/memperf6.htm">Paging-space thresholds tuning</ulink></title>
</biblioset>
<biblioset relation="book">
<title>AIX Documentation: Performance Management Guide</title>
</biblioset>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry>
<title><ulink url=" http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245674.html?Open">Developing and Porting C and C++ Applications on AIX</ulink></title>
<publisher>
<publishername>IBM Redbook</publishername>
</publisher>
</biblioentry>
</bibliography>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Statistics Collector Issues</title>
<!-- http://archives.postgresql.org/message-id/6064jt6cfm.fsf_-_@dba2.int.libertyrms.com -->
<para>
When implementing PostgreSQL version 8.1 on AIX 5.3, we
periodically ran into problems where the statistics collector
would <quote>mysteriously</quote> not come up successfully. This
appears to be the result of unexpected behaviour in the IPv6
implementation. It looks like PostgreSQL and IPv6 do not play
very well together at this time on AIX.
</para>
<para>
Any of the following actions <quote>fix</quote> the problem.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Delete the IPv6 address for localhost:
<screen>
(as root)
# ifconfig lo0 inet6 ::1/0 delete
</screen>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove IPv6 from net services. The
file <filename>/etc/netsvc.conf</filename> on AIX is roughly
equivalent to <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> on
Solaris/Linux. The default, on AIX, is thus:
<programlisting>
hosts=local,bind
</programlisting>
Replace this with:
<programlisting>
hosts=local4,bind4
</programlisting>
to deactivate searching for IPv6 addresses.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-cygwin">
<title>Cygwin</title>