diff --git a/configure b/configure
index cbc1ebfc613..375a8b7dbc4 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -16542,6 +16542,12 @@ esac
  ;;
 esac
 
+  case " $LIBOBJS " in
+  *" win32gai_strerror.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
+  *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS win32gai_strerror.$ac_objext"
+ ;;
+esac
+
   case " $LIBOBJS " in
   *" win32getrusage.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
   *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS win32getrusage.$ac_objext"
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 69b2bbb5763..aed940410c3 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -1907,6 +1907,7 @@ if test "$PORTNAME" = "win32"; then
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32env)
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32error)
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32fdatasync)
+  AC_LIBOBJ(win32gai_strerror)
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32getrusage)
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32link)
   AC_LIBOBJ(win32ntdll)
diff --git a/src/include/port/win32/sys/socket.h b/src/include/port/win32/sys/socket.h
index 0c32c0f7b2e..f2b475df5e5 100644
--- a/src/include/port/win32/sys/socket.h
+++ b/src/include/port/win32/sys/socket.h
@@ -23,4 +23,12 @@
 #define ERROR PGERROR
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * We don't use the Windows gai_strerror[A] function because it is not
+ * thread-safe.  We define our own in src/port/win32gai_strerror.c.
+ */
+#undef gai_strerror
+
+extern const char *gai_strerror(int ecode);
+
 #endif							/* WIN32_SYS_SOCKET_H */
diff --git a/src/port/meson.build b/src/port/meson.build
index 0a16f1c7f5f..900076df571 100644
--- a/src/port/meson.build
+++ b/src/port/meson.build
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ if host_system == 'windows'
     'win32error.c',
     'win32fdatasync.c',
     'win32fseek.c',
+    'win32gai_strerror.c',
     'win32getrusage.c',
     'win32link.c',
     'win32ntdll.c',
diff --git a/src/port/win32gai_strerror.c b/src/port/win32gai_strerror.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b47d1722df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/port/win32gai_strerror.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * win32gai_strerror.c
+ *	  Thread-safe gai_strerror() for Windows.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *    src/port/win32gai_strerror.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+/*
+ * Windows has gai_strerrorA(), but it is not thread-safe so we avoid it.
+ *
+ * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/ws2tcpip/nf-ws2tcpip-gai_strerrora
+ */
+const char *
+gai_strerror(int errcode)
+{
+	switch (errcode)
+	{
+		case EAI_AGAIN:
+			return "Temporary failure in name resolution";
+		case EAI_BADFLAGS:
+			return "Bad value for ai_flags";
+		case EAI_FAIL:
+			return "Non-recoverable failure in name resolution";
+		case EAI_FAMILY:
+			return "ai_family not supported";
+		case EAI_MEMORY:
+			return "Memory allocation failure";
+		case EAI_NONAME:
+			return "Name or service not known";
+		case EAI_SERVICE:
+			return "Servname not supported for ai_socktype";
+		case EAI_SOCKTYPE:
+			return "ai_socktype not supported";
+		default:
+			return "Unknown server error";
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
index 9e05eb91b1a..6a79a0e037d 100644
--- a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
+++ b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ sub mkvcbuild
 	  win32env.c win32error.c
 	  win32fdatasync.c
 	  win32fseek.c
+	  win32gai_strerror.c
 	  win32getrusage.c
 	  win32gettimeofday.c
 	  win32link.c