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<title>Berkeley DB Reference Guide: Dump output formats</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Berkeley DB: An embedded database programmatic toolkit.">
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<meta name="keywords" content="embedded,database,programmatic,toolkit,b+tree,btree,hash,hashing,transaction,transactions,locking,logging,access method,access methods,java,C,C++">
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<body bgcolor=white>
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<table><tr valign=top>
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<td><h3><dl><dt>Berkeley DB Reference Guide:<dd>Dumping and Reloading</dl></h3></td>
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<td width="1%"><a href="../../ref/dumpload/utility.html"><img src="../../images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a><a href="../../ref/toc.html"><img src="../../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a><a href="../../ref/dumpload/text.html"><img src="../../images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a>
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</td></tr></table>
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<p>
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<h1 align=center>Dump output formats</h1>
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<p>There are two output formats used by <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump</a> and <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump185</a>.
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<p>In both output formats, the first few lines of the output contain header
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information describing the underlying access method, filesystem page size
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and other bookkeeping information.
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<p>The header information starts with a single line VERSION=N, where N is
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the version number of the dump output format.
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<p>The header information is then output in name=value pairs, where name may
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be any of the keywords listed in the <a href="../../utility/db_load.html">db_load</a> manual page, and
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value will be its value. While this header information can be manually
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edited before the database is reloaded, there is rarely any reason to do
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so, as all of this information can also be specified or overridden by
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command-line arguments to <a href="../../utility/db_load.html">db_load</a>.
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<p>The header information ends with single line HEADER=END.
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<p>Following the header information are the key/data pairs from the database.
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If the database being dumped is of type Btree or Hash, or if the
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<b>-k</b> option as been specified, the output will be paired lines of
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text, where the first line of the pair is the key item, and the second
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line of the pair is its corresponding data item. If the database being
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dumped is of type Queue or Recno and the <b>-k</b> has not been
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specified, the output will be lines of text, where each line is the next
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data item for the database. Each of these lines will be preceded by a
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single space.
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<p>If the <b>-p</b> option to <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump</a> or <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump185</a> was
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specified, the key/data lines will consist of single characters
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representing any characters from the database that are <i>printing
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characters</i> and backslash (<b>\</b>) escaped characters
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for any that were not. Backslash characters appearing in the output mean
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one of two things: if the backslash character precedes another backslash
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character, it means that a literal backslash character occurred in the
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key or data item. If the backslash character precedes any other
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character, the next two characters must be interpreted as hexadecimal
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specification of a single character, e.g., <b>\0a</b> is
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a newline character in the ASCII character set.
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<p>Although some care should be exercised, it is perfectly reasonable to use
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standard text editors and tools to edit databases dumped using the
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<b>-p</b> option before re-loading them using the <a href="../../utility/db_load.html">db_load</a>
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utility.
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<p>Note that the definition of a printing character may vary from system to
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system, and so database representations created using the <b>-p</b>
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option may be less portable than those created without it.
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<p>If the <b>-p</b> option to <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump</a> or <a href="../../utility/db_dump.html">db_dump185</a> is
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not specified, each output line will consist of paired hexadecimal values,
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e.g., the line <b>726f6f74</b> is the string <b>root</b> in the ASCII
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character set.
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<p>In all output formats, the key and data items are ended by a single line
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DATA=END.
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<p>Where multiple databases have been dumped from a file, the overall output
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will repeat, i.e., a new set of headers and a new set of data items.
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<table><tr><td><br></td><td width="1%"><a href="../../ref/dumpload/utility.html"><img src="../../images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a><a href="../../ref/toc.html"><img src="../../images/ref.gif" alt="Ref"></a><a href="../../ref/dumpload/text.html"><img src="../../images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a>
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