A sequel to 9180e86 and 149b754.
ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY may crash if parent table is updated
concurrently.
Block FK parent table updates even earlier, before intermediate child
table is created.
Use proper charset info for my_casedn_str() and don't update original
identifiers so that lower_cast_table_names == 2 is honoured.
ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY may trigger assertion failure when
it has LOCK=EXCLUSIVE clause or concurrent FLUSH TABLES is being
executed.
In both cases being altered table is marked as flushed, which forces
subsequent attempt to open parent table to re-open. Which in turn is
not allowed while transaction is running.
Rather than opening parent table, just take appropriate MDL lock.
Also removed table_already_fk_prelocked() check: MDL itself has much
better methods to handle duplicate locks. E.g. the former won't acquire
MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE if it already has MDL_SHARED_READ.
ALTER TABLE locks the table with TL_READ_NO_INSERT, to prevent the
source table modifications while it's being copied. But there's an
indirect way of modifying a table, via cascade FK actions.
After previous commits, an attempt to modify an FK parent table
will cause FK children to be prelocked, so the table-being-altered
cannot be modified by a cascade FK action, because ALTER holds a
lock and prelocking will wait.
But if a new FK is being added by this very ALTER, then the target
table is not locked yet (it's a temporary table). So, we have to
lock FK parents explicitly.
