The problem described in the bug report happened because the code
did not test check_cols(1) after fix_fields() in a few places.
Additionally, fix_fields() could be called multiple times for SP variables,
because they are all fixed at a early stage in append_for_log().
Solution:
1. Adding a few helper methods
- fix_fields_if_needed()
- fix_fields_if_needed_for_scalar()
- fix_fields_if_needed_for_bool()
- fix_fields_if_needed_for_order_by()
and using it in many cases instead of fix_fields() where
the "fixed" status is not definitely known to be "false".
2. Adding DBUG_ASSERT(!fixed) into Item_splocal*::fix_fields()
to catch double execution.
3. Adding tests.
As a good side effect, the patch removes a lot of duplicate code (~60 lines):
if (!item->fixed &&
item->fix_fields(..) &&
item->check_cols(1))
return true;
