ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY may trigger assertion failure when
it has LOCK=EXCLUSIVE clause or concurrent FLUSH TABLES is being
executed.
In both cases being altered table is marked as flushed, which forces
subsequent attempt to open parent table to re-open. Which in turn is
not allowed while transaction is running.
Rather than opening parent table, just take appropriate MDL lock.
Also removed table_already_fk_prelocked() check: MDL itself has much
better methods to handle duplicate locks. E.g. the former won't acquire
MDL_SHARED_NO_WRITE if it already has MDL_SHARED_READ.
ALTER TABLE locks the table with TL_READ_NO_INSERT, to prevent the
source table modifications while it's being copied. But there's an
indirect way of modifying a table, via cascade FK actions.
After previous commits, an attempt to modify an FK parent table
will cause FK children to be prelocked, so the table-being-altered
cannot be modified by a cascade FK action, because ALTER holds a
lock and prelocking will wait.
But if a new FK is being added by this very ALTER, then the target
table is not locked yet (it's a temporary table). So, we have to
lock FK parents explicitly.
