Added support for more functions when using partitioned S3 tables

MDEV-22088 S3 partitioning support

All ALTER PARTITION commands should now work on S3 tables except

REBUILD PARTITION
TRUNCATE PARTITION
REORGANIZE PARTITION

In addition, PARTIONED S3 TABLES can also be replicated.
This is achived by storing the partition tables .frm and .par file on S3
for partitioned shared (S3) tables.

The discovery methods are enchanced by allowing engines that supports
discovery to also support of the partitioned tables .frm and .par file

Things in more detail

- The .frm and .par files of partitioned tables are stored in S3 and kept
  in sync.
- Added hton callback create_partitioning_metadata to inform handler
  that metadata for a partitoned file has changed
- Added back handler::discover_check_version() to be able to check if
  a table's or a part table's definition has changed.
- Added handler::check_if_updates_are_ignored(). Needed for partitioning.
- Renamed rebind() -> rebind_psi(), as it was before.
- Changed CHF_xxx hadnler flags to an enum
- Changed some checks from using table->file->ht to use
  table->file->partition_ht() to get discovery to work with partitioning.
- If TABLE_SHARE::init_from_binary_frm_image() fails, ensure that we
  don't leave any .frm or .par files around.
- Fixed that writefrm() doesn't leave unusable .frm files around
- Appended extension to path for writefrm() to be able to reuse to function
  for creating .par files.
- Added DBUG_PUSH("") to a a few functions that caused a lot of not
  critical tracing.

sql/handler.h

@@ -90,6 +90,15 @@ enum enum_alter_inplace_result {
   HA_ALTER_INPLACE_NO_LOCK
 };
 
+/* Flags for create_partitioning_metadata() */
+
+enum chf_create_flags {
+  CHF_CREATE_FLAG,
+  CHF_DELETE_FLAG,
+  CHF_RENAME_FLAG,
+  CHF_INDEX_FLAG
+};
+
 /* Bits in table_flags() to show what database can do */
 
 #define HA_NO_TRANSACTIONS     (1ULL << 0) /* Doesn't support transactions */
@@ -1670,6 +1679,14 @@ struct handlerton
 
   /* Server shutdown early notification.*/
   void (*pre_shutdown)(void);
+
+  /*
+    Inform handler that partitioning engine has changed the .frm and the .par
+    files
+  */
+  int (*create_partitioning_metadata)(const char *path,
+                                      const char *old_path,
+                                      chf_create_flags action_flag);
 };
 
 
@@ -3183,7 +3200,10 @@ private:
 
 public:
   virtual void unbind_psi();
-  virtual int rebind();
+  virtual void rebind_psi();
+  /* Return error if definition doesn't match for already opened table */
+  virtual int discover_check_version() { return 0; }
+
   /**
     Put the handler in 'batch' mode when collecting
     table io instrumented events.
@@ -3416,7 +3436,7 @@ public:
   int ha_create(const char *name, TABLE *form, HA_CREATE_INFO *info);
 
   int ha_create_partitioning_metadata(const char *name, const char *old_name,
-                                      int action_flag);
+                                      chf_create_flags action_flag);
 
   int ha_change_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
                            const char *path,
@@ -3901,6 +3921,7 @@ public:
   virtual void get_dynamic_partition_info(PARTITION_STATS *stat_info,
                                           uint part_id);
   virtual void set_partitions_to_open(List<String> *partition_names) {}
+  virtual bool check_if_updates_are_ignored(const char *op) const;
   virtual int change_partitions_to_open(List<String> *partition_names)
   { return 0; }
   virtual int extra(enum ha_extra_function operation)
@@ -4081,11 +4102,6 @@ public:
   void update_global_table_stats();
   void update_global_index_stats();
 
-#define CHF_CREATE_FLAG 0
-#define CHF_DELETE_FLAG 1
-#define CHF_RENAME_FLAG 2
-#define CHF_INDEX_FLAG  3
-
   /**
     @note lock_count() can return > 1 if the table is MERGE or partitioned.
   */
@@ -4918,8 +4934,9 @@ public:
   virtual void drop_table(const char *name);
   virtual int create(const char *name, TABLE *form, HA_CREATE_INFO *info)=0;
 
-  virtual int create_partitioning_metadata(const char *name, const char *old_name,
-                                   int action_flag)
+  virtual int create_partitioning_metadata(const char *name,
+                                           const char *old_name,
+                                           chf_create_flags action_flag)
   { return FALSE; }
 
   virtual int change_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
@@ -5123,9 +5140,11 @@ public:
 int ha_discover_table(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share);
 int ha_discover_table_names(THD *thd, LEX_CSTRING *db, MY_DIR *dirp,
                             Discovered_table_list *result, bool reusable);
-bool ha_table_exists(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db, const LEX_CSTRING *table_name,
+bool ha_table_exists(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db,
+                     const LEX_CSTRING *table_name,
                      handlerton **hton= 0, bool *is_sequence= 0);
-bool ha_check_if_updates_are_ignored(THD *thd, handlerton *hton, const char *op);
+bool ha_check_if_updates_are_ignored(THD *thd, handlerton *hton,
+                                     const char *op);
 #endif /* MYSQL_SERVER */
 
 /* key cache */