MDEV-31957 Concurrent ALTER and ANALYZE collecting statistics can result in stale statistical data

Example of what causes the problem:
T1: ANALYZE TABLE starts to collect statistics
T2: ALTER TABLE starts by deleting statistics for all changed fields,
    then creates a temp table and copies data to it.
T1: ANALYZE ends and writes to the statistics tables.
T2: ALTER TABLE renames temp table in place of the old table.

Now the statistics from analyze matches the old deleted tables.

Fixed by waiting to delete old statistics until ALTER TABLE is
the only one using the old table and ensure that rename of columns
can handle swapping of column names.

rename_columns_in_stat_table() (former rename_column_in_stat_tables())
now takes a list of columns to rename. It uses the following algorithm
to update column_stats to be able to handle circular renames

- While there are columns to be renamed and it is the first loop or
  last rename loop did change something.
  - Loop over all columns to be renamed
    - Change column name in column_stat
      - If fail because of duplicate key
      - If this is first change attempt for this column
         - Change column name to a temporary column name
         - If there was a conflicting row, replace it with the current row.
    else
     - Remove entry from column list

- Loop over all remaining columns in the list
 - Remove the conflicting row
 - Change column from temporary name to final name in column_stat

Other things:
- Don't flush tables for every operation. Only flush when all updates
  are done.
- Rename of columns was not handled in case of ALGORITHM=copy (old bug).
  - Fixed that we do not collect statistics for hidden hash columns
    used by UNIQUE constraint on long values.
  - Fixed that we do not collect statistics for blob columns referred by
    generated virtual columns. This was achieved by storing the fields for
    which we want to have statistics in table->has_value_set instead of
    in table->read_set.
- Rename of indexes was not handled for persistent statistics.
  - This is now handled similar as rename of columns. Renamed columns
    are now stored in 'rename_stat_indexes' and handled in
    Alter_info::delete_statistics() together with drooped indexes.
- ALTER TABLE .. ADD INDEX may instead of creating a new index rename
  an existing generated foreign key index. This was not reflected in
  the index_stats table because this was handled in
  mysql_prepare_create_table instead instead of in the mysql_alter() code.
  Fixed by adding a call in mysql_prepare_create_table() to drop the
  changed index.
  I also had to change the code that 'marked the index' to be ignored
  with code that would not destroy the original index name.

Reviewer: Sergei Petrunia <sergey@mariadb.com>

sql/sql_statistics.h

@@ -119,16 +119,21 @@ int read_statistics_for_tables_if_needed(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables);
 int read_statistics_for_tables(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables,
                                bool force_reload);
 int collect_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, TABLE *table);
-int alloc_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, TABLE *table);
+int alloc_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, TABLE *table, MY_BITMAP *stat_fields);
 int update_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, TABLE *table);
-int delete_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db, const LEX_CSTRING *tab);
+int delete_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db,
+                                const LEX_CSTRING *tab);
 int delete_statistics_for_column(THD *thd, TABLE *tab, Field *col);
 int delete_statistics_for_index(THD *thd, TABLE *tab, KEY *key_info,
                                 bool ext_prefixes_only);
-int rename_table_in_stat_tables(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db, const LEX_CSTRING *tab,
-                                const LEX_CSTRING *new_db, const LEX_CSTRING *new_tab);
-int rename_column_in_stat_tables(THD *thd, TABLE *tab, Field *col,
-                                  const char *new_name);
+int rename_table_in_stat_tables(THD *thd, const LEX_CSTRING *db,
+                                const LEX_CSTRING *tab,
+                                const LEX_CSTRING *new_db,
+                                const LEX_CSTRING *new_tab);
+int rename_columns_in_stat_table(THD *thd, TABLE *tab,
+                                 List<Alter_info::RENAME_COLUMN_STAT_PARAMS> *fields);
+int rename_indexes_in_stat_table(THD *thd, TABLE *tab,
+                                 List<Alter_info::RENAME_INDEX_STAT_PARAMS> *indexes);
 void set_statistics_for_table(THD *thd, TABLE *table);
 
 double get_column_avg_frequency(Field * field);