MDEV-23843 Assertions in Diagnostics_area upon table operations under FTWRL

2 different problems:
- MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write() did not check if mdl_context.acquire_lock() failed
- Sql_cmd_optimize_table::execute() and Sql_cmd_repair_table::execute()
  called write_bin_log(), which could fail if sql_admin() had already
  called my_eof()

Fixed by adding check for aquire_lock() return status and protect
write_bin_log() in the above two functions with set_overwrite_status().

mysql-test/main/flush_and_binlog.test

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--source include/have_log_bin.inc
+
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-23843 Assertions in Diagnostics_area upon table operations under
+--echo # FTWRL
+--echo #
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT);
+FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
+--connect (con1,localhost,root,,)
+SET lock_wait_timeout= 1;
+--error ER_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT
+OPTIMIZE TABLE t1;
+# Cleanup
+--disconnect con1
+--connection default
+UNLOCK TABLES;
+DROP TABLE t1;
+#
+# Second test case from MDEV_23843
+#
+FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
+--connect (con1,localhost,root,,test)
+SET lock_wait_timeout= 1;
+--error ER_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT
+FLUSH TABLES;
+--connection default
+--disconnect con1
+unlock tables;