MDEV-10324: Server crash in get_sel_arg_for_keypart or Assertion

The crash was caused by this problem:
get_best_group_min_max() tries to construct query plans for keys that
are not processed by the range optimizer. This wasn't a problem as long
as SEL_TREE::keys was an array of MAX_KEY elements.
However, now it is a Mem_root_array and only has elements for the used
keys, and get_best_group_min_max attempts to address beyond the end of
the array.

The obvious way to fix the crash was to port (and improve) a part of
96fcfcbd7b5120e8f64fd45985001eca8d36fbfb from mysql-5.7. This makes
get_best_group_min_max not to consider indexes that Mem_root_arrays
have no element for.

After that, I got non-sensical query plans (see MDEV-10325 for details).
Fixed that by making get_best_group_min_max to check if the index is in
table->keys_in_use_for_group_by bitmap.

mysql-test/r/group_by.result

@@ -2692,3 +2692,37 @@ select distinct a from t1 group by 'a';
 a
 2001-02-02
 drop table t1;
+#
+# MDEV-10324: Server crash in get_sel_arg_for_keypart or Assertion `n < size()' failed in Mem_root_array
+#
+CREATE TABLE t1 (
+job_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+job_cmd varbinary(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+job_namespace int(11) NOT NULL,
+job_title varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+job_params blob NOT NULL,
+job_timestamp varbinary(14) DEFAULT NULL,
+job_random int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+job_token varbinary(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+job_token_timestamp varbinary(14) DEFAULT NULL,
+job_sha1 varbinary(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+job_attempts int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+PRIMARY KEY (job_id),
+KEY job_cmd (job_cmd,job_namespace,job_title,job_params(128)),
+KEY job_timestamp (job_timestamp),
+KEY job_sha1 (job_sha1),
+KEY job_cmd_token (job_cmd,job_token,job_random),
+KEY job_cmd_token_id (job_cmd,job_token,job_id)
+);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES 
+(NULL, 'foo', 1, 'foo', 'foo', 'foo', 1, 'foo', 'foo', 'foo', 1),
+(NULL, 'bar', 2, 'bar', 'bar', 'bar', 2, 'bar', 'bar', 'bar', 2);
+SELECT DISTINCT job_cmd  FROM t1 WHERE job_cmd IN ('foobar','null');
+job_cmd
+drop table t1;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (f1 INT NOT NULL, f2 VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, KEY(f1), KEY(f2, f1));
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0,'foo'),(1,'bar');
+SELECT 1 IN ( SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT f2 ) FROM t1 WHERE f1 <= 4 );
+1 IN ( SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT f2 ) FROM t1 WHERE f1 <= 4 )
+0
+drop table t1;

mysql-test/r/group_by_innodb.result

@@ -123,4 +123,39 @@ id	xtext	optionen
 2	number	22,25
 1	select	Kabel mit Stecker 5-polig,Kabel ohne Stecker
 DROP TABLE t1, t2;
+# Port of testcase:
+#
+# Bug#20819199 ASSERTION FAILED IN TEST_IF_SKIP_SORT_ORDER
+#
+CREATE TABLE t0 ( a INT );
+INSERT INTO t0 VALUES (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10);
+CREATE TABLE t1 (
+pk INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+a INT,
+b INT,
+PRIMARY KEY (pk),
+KEY idx1 (a),
+KEY idx2 (b, a),
+KEY idx3 (a, b)
+) ENGINE = InnoDB;
+INSERT INTO t1 (a, b) SELECT t01.a, t02.a FROM t0 t01, t0 t02;
+ANALYZE TABLE t1;
+Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
+test.t1	analyze	status	OK
+EXPLAIN SELECT DISTINCT a, MAX(b) FROM t1 WHERE a >= 0 GROUP BY a,a;
+id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
+1	SIMPLE	t1	range	idx1,idx3	idx3	5	NULL	100	Using where; Using index
+SELECT DISTINCT a, MAX(b) FROM t1 WHERE a >= 0 GROUP BY a,a;
+a	MAX(b)
+1	10
+2	10
+3	10
+4	10
+5	10
+6	10
+7	10
+8	10
+9	10
+10	10
+DROP TABLE t0, t1;
 # End of tests

mysql-test/r/order_by.result

@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ INSERT INTO t1 SELECT a +32, b +32 FROM t1;
 INSERT INTO t1 SELECT a +64, b +64 FROM t1;
 EXPLAIN SELECT a FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX FOR GROUP BY (a, ab) GROUP BY a;
 id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
-1	SIMPLE	t1	range	NULL	ab	4	NULL	10	Using index for group-by
+1	SIMPLE	t1	index	NULL	PRIMARY	4	NULL	128	Using index
 SELECT a FROM t1 IGNORE INDEX FOR GROUP BY (a, ab) GROUP BY a;
 a
 1

mysql-test/t/group_by.test

@@ -1803,3 +1803,39 @@ select distinct a from t1 group by 'a';
 insert into t1 values("2001-02-02"),("2001-02-03");
 select distinct a from t1 group by 'a';
 drop table t1;
+
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-10324: Server crash in get_sel_arg_for_keypart or Assertion `n < size()' failed in Mem_root_array
+--echo #
+CREATE TABLE t1 (
+  job_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+  job_cmd varbinary(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  job_namespace int(11) NOT NULL,
+  job_title varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+  job_params blob NOT NULL,
+  job_timestamp varbinary(14) DEFAULT NULL,
+  job_random int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  job_token varbinary(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  job_token_timestamp varbinary(14) DEFAULT NULL,
+  job_sha1 varbinary(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  job_attempts int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY (job_id),
+  KEY job_cmd (job_cmd,job_namespace,job_title,job_params(128)),
+  KEY job_timestamp (job_timestamp),
+  KEY job_sha1 (job_sha1),
+  KEY job_cmd_token (job_cmd,job_token,job_random),
+  KEY job_cmd_token_id (job_cmd,job_token,job_id)
+);
+ 
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES 
+    (NULL, 'foo', 1, 'foo', 'foo', 'foo', 1, 'foo', 'foo', 'foo', 1),
+    (NULL, 'bar', 2, 'bar', 'bar', 'bar', 2, 'bar', 'bar', 'bar', 2);
+    
+SELECT DISTINCT job_cmd  FROM t1 WHERE job_cmd IN ('foobar','null');
+drop table t1;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (f1 INT NOT NULL, f2 VARCHAR(3) NOT NULL, KEY(f1), KEY(f2, f1));
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0,'foo'),(1,'bar');
+SELECT 1 IN ( SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT f2 ) FROM t1 WHERE f1 <= 4 );
+drop table t1;
+

mysql-test/t/group_by_innodb.test

@@ -125,4 +125,34 @@ ORDER BY id DESC;
 
 DROP TABLE t1, t2;
 
+--echo # Port of testcase:
+--echo #
+--echo # Bug#20819199 ASSERTION FAILED IN TEST_IF_SKIP_SORT_ORDER
+--echo #
+
+CREATE TABLE t0 ( a INT );
+INSERT INTO t0 VALUES (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10);
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (
+  pk INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+  a INT,
+  b INT,
+  PRIMARY KEY (pk),
+  KEY idx1 (a),
+  KEY idx2 (b, a),
+  KEY idx3 (a, b)
+) ENGINE = InnoDB;
+
+INSERT INTO t1 (a, b) SELECT t01.a, t02.a FROM t0 t01, t0 t02;
+
+ANALYZE TABLE t1;
+
+let $query=
+SELECT DISTINCT a, MAX(b) FROM t1 WHERE a >= 0 GROUP BY a,a;
+
+eval EXPLAIN $query;
+eval $query;
+
+DROP TABLE t0, t1;
+
 --echo # End of tests

sql/opt_range.cc

@@ -11902,8 +11902,6 @@ void QUICK_ROR_UNION_SELECT::add_used_key_part_to_set(MY_BITMAP *col_set)
 *******************************************************************************/
 
 static inline uint get_field_keypart(KEY *index, Field *field);
-static inline SEL_ARG * get_index_range_tree(uint index, SEL_TREE* range_tree,
-                                             PARAM *param, uint *param_idx);
 static bool get_sel_arg_for_keypart(Field *field, SEL_ARG *index_range_tree,
                                     SEL_ARG **cur_range);
 static bool get_constant_key_infix(KEY *index_info, SEL_ARG *index_range_tree,
@@ -12180,8 +12178,6 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
     (GA1,GA2) are all TRUE. If there is more than one such index, select the
     first one. Here we set the variables: group_prefix_len and index_info.
   */
-  KEY *cur_index_info= table->key_info;
-  KEY *cur_index_info_end= cur_index_info + table->s->keys;
   /* Cost-related variables for the best index so far. */
   double best_read_cost= DBL_MAX;
   ha_rows best_records= 0;
@@ -12193,11 +12189,12 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
   uint max_key_part;  
   SEL_ARG *cur_index_tree= NULL;
   ha_rows cur_quick_prefix_records= 0;
-  uint cur_param_idx=MAX_KEY;
 
-  for (uint cur_index= 0 ; cur_index_info != cur_index_info_end ;
+  // We go through allowed indexes
-       cur_index_info++, cur_index++)
+  for (uint cur_param_idx= 0; cur_param_idx < param->keys ; ++cur_param_idx)
   {
+    const uint cur_index= param->real_keynr[cur_param_idx];
+    KEY *const cur_index_info= &table->key_info[cur_index];
     KEY_PART_INFO *cur_part;
     KEY_PART_INFO *end_part; /* Last part for loops. */
     /* Last index part. */
@@ -12220,7 +12217,8 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
       (was also: "Exclude UNIQUE indexes ..." but this was removed because 
       there are cases Loose Scan over a multi-part index is useful).
     */
-    if (!table->covering_keys.is_set(cur_index))
+    if (!table->covering_keys.is_set(cur_index) ||
+        !table->keys_in_use_for_group_by.is_set(cur_index))
       continue;
     
     /*
@@ -12399,9 +12397,7 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
     {
       if (tree)
       {
-        uint dummy;
+        SEL_ARG *index_range_tree= tree->keys[cur_param_idx];
-        SEL_ARG *index_range_tree= get_index_range_tree(cur_index, tree, param,
-                                                        &dummy);
         if (!get_constant_key_infix(cur_index_info, index_range_tree,
                                     first_non_group_part, min_max_arg_part,
                                     last_part, thd, cur_key_infix, 
@@ -12465,9 +12461,7 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
     */
     if (tree && min_max_arg_item)
     {
-      uint dummy;
+      SEL_ARG *index_range_tree= tree->keys[cur_param_idx];
-      SEL_ARG *index_range_tree= get_index_range_tree(cur_index, tree, param,
-                                                      &dummy);
       SEL_ARG *cur_range= NULL;
       if (get_sel_arg_for_keypart(min_max_arg_part->field,
                                   index_range_tree, &cur_range) ||
@@ -12485,9 +12479,7 @@ get_best_group_min_max(PARAM *param, SEL_TREE *tree, double read_time)
     /* Compute the cost of using this index. */
     if (tree)
     {
-      /* Find the SEL_ARG sub-tree that corresponds to the chosen index. */
+      cur_index_tree= tree->keys[cur_param_idx];
-      cur_index_tree= get_index_range_tree(cur_index, tree, param,
-                                           &cur_param_idx);
       /* Check if this range tree can be used for prefix retrieval. */
       Cost_estimate dummy_cost;
       uint mrr_flags= HA_MRR_USE_DEFAULT_IMPL;
@@ -13020,44 +13012,6 @@ get_field_keypart(KEY *index, Field *field)
 }
 
 
-/*
-  Find the SEL_ARG sub-tree that corresponds to the chosen index.
-
-  SYNOPSIS
-    get_index_range_tree()
-    index     [in]  The ID of the index being looked for
-    range_tree[in]  Tree of ranges being searched
-    param     [in]  PARAM from SQL_SELECT::test_quick_select
-    param_idx [out] Index in the array PARAM::key that corresponds to 'index'
-
-  DESCRIPTION
-
-    A SEL_TREE contains range trees for all usable indexes. This procedure
-    finds the SEL_ARG sub-tree for 'index'. The members of a SEL_TREE are
-    ordered in the same way as the members of PARAM::key, thus we first find
-    the corresponding index in the array PARAM::key. This index is returned
-    through the variable param_idx, to be used later as argument of
-    check_quick_select().
-
-  RETURN
-    Pointer to the SEL_ARG subtree that corresponds to index.
-*/
-
-SEL_ARG * get_index_range_tree(uint index, SEL_TREE* range_tree, PARAM *param,
-                               uint *param_idx)
-{
-  uint idx= 0; /* Index nr in param->key_parts */
-  while (idx < param->keys)
-  {
-    if (index == param->real_keynr[idx])
-      break;
-    idx++;
-  }
-  *param_idx= idx;
-  return(range_tree->keys[idx]);
-}
-
-
 /*
   Compute the cost of a quick_group_min_max_select for a particular index.