Fix for BUG#31612

"Trigger fired multiple times leads to gaps in auto_increment sequence".
The bug was that if a trigger fired multiple times inside a top
statement (for example top-statement is a multi-row INSERT,
and trigger is ON INSERT), and that trigger inserted into an auto_increment
column, then gaps could be observed in the auto_increment sequence,
even if there were no other users of the database (no concurrency).
It was wrong usage of THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog.
Note that the fix changes "class handler", I'll tell the Storage Engine API team.

mysql-test/r/trigger-trans.result:
  result; before the bugfix, the sequence was 1,2,4,6,8,10,12...
mysql-test/t/trigger-trans.test:
  test for BUG#31612
sql/handler.cc:
  See revision comment of handler.h.
  As THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog is cumulative
  over all trigger invokations by the top statement, the
  second invokation of the trigger arrived in handler::update_auto_increment()
  with already one interval in
  THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog. The method thus
  believed it had already reserved one interval for that invokation,
  thus reserved a twice larger interval (heuristic when we don't know
  how large the interval should be: we grow by powers of two). InnoDB
  thus increased its internal per-table auto_increment counter by 2
  while only one row was to be inserted. Hence a gap in the sequence.
  The fix is to use the new handler::auto_inc_intervals_count.
  Note that the trigger's statement knows how many rows it is going
  to insert, but provides estimation_rows_to_insert == 0 (see comments
  in sql_insert.cc why triggers don't call handler::ha_start_bulk_insert()).
  * removing white space at end of line
  * we don't need to maintain THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog
  if no binlogging or if row-based binlogging. Using auto_inc_intervals_count in
  the heuristic makes the heuristic independent of binary logging, which is good.
sql/handler.h:
  THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog served
   - for binlogging
   - as a heuristic when we have no estimation of how many records the
     statement will insert.
  But the first goal needs to be cumulative over all statements which
  form a binlog event, while the second one needs to be attached to each
  statement. THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog is cumulative,
  leading to BUG#31612. So we introduce handler::auto_inc_intervals_count
  for the second goal. See the revision comment of handler.cc.
  A smaller issue was that, even when the binlog event was only one
  statement (no triggers, no stored functions),
  THD::auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt.nb_elements() could be lower than
  the number of reserved intervals (fooling the heuristic), because its
  append() method collapses two contiguous intervals in one.
  Note that as auto_inc_intervals_count is in class 'handler' and not
  in class 'THD', it does not need to be handled in
  THD::reset|restore_sub_statement_state().
sql/log.cc:
  Comment is wrong: if auto_increment is second, in handler::update_auto_increment()
  'append' is false and so auto_inc_intervals_in_cur_stmt_for_binlog
  is empty, we do not come here.
sql/sql_class.h:
  comment

mysql-test/t/trigger-trans.test

@@ -162,3 +162,16 @@ DROP TABLE t2, t1;
 
 
 --echo End of 5.0 tests
+
+--echo BUG#31612
+--echo Trigger fired multiple times leads to gaps in auto_increment sequence
+create table t1 (a int, val char(1)) engine=InnoDB;
+create table t2 (b int auto_increment primary key,
+ val char(1)) engine=InnoDB;
+create trigger t1_after_insert after
+ insert on t1 for each row insert into t2 set val=NEW.val;
+insert into t1 values ( 123, 'a'), ( 123, 'b'), ( 123, 'c'),
+ (123, 'd'), (123, 'e'), (123, 'f'), (123, 'g');
+insert into t1 values ( 654, 'a'), ( 654, 'b'), ( 654, 'c'),
+ (654, 'd'), (654, 'e'), (654, 'f'), (654, 'g');
+select * from t2 order by b;