MDEV-14511 Use fewer transactions for updating InnoDB persistent statistics

dict_stats_exec_sql(): Expect the caller to always provide a transaction.
Remove some redundant assertions. The caller must hold dict_sys->mutex,
but holding dict_operation_lock is only necessary for accessing
data dictionary tables, which we are not accessing.

dict_stats_save_index_stat(): Acquire dict_sys->mutex
for invoking dict_stats_exec_sql().

dict_stats_save(), dict_stats_update_for_index(), dict_stats_update(),
dict_stats_drop_index(), dict_stats_delete_from_table_stats(),
dict_stats_delete_from_index_stats(), dict_stats_drop_table(),
dict_stats_rename_in_table_stats(), dict_stats_rename_in_index_stats(),
dict_stats_rename_table(): Use a single caller-provided
transaction that is started and committed or rolled back by the caller.

dict_stats_process_entry_from_recalc_pool(): Let the caller provide
a transaction object.

ha_innobase::open(): Pass a transaction to dict_stats_init().

ha_innobase::create(), ha_innobase::discard_or_import_tablespace():
Pass a transaction to dict_stats_update().

ha_innobase::rename_table(): Pass a transaction to
dict_stats_rename_table(). We do not use the same transaction
as the one that updated the data dictionary tables, because
we already released the dict_operation_lock. (FIXME: there is
a race condition; a lock wait on SYS_* tables could occur
in another DDL transaction until the data dictionary transaction
is committed.)

ha_innobase::info_low(): Pass a transaction to dict_stats_update()
when calculating persistent statistics.

alter_stats_norebuild(), alter_stats_rebuild(): Update the
persistent statistics as well. In this way, a single transaction
will be used for updating the statistics of a whole table, even
for partitioned tables.

ha_innobase::commit_inplace_alter_table(): Drop statistics for
all partitions when adding or dropping virtual columns, so that
the statistics will be recalculated on the next handler::open().
This is a refactored version of Oracle Bug#22469660 fix.

RecLock::add_to_waitq(), lock_table_enqueue_waiting():
Do not allow a lock wait to occur for updating statistics
in a data dictionary transaction, such as DROP TABLE. Instead,
return the previously unused error code DB_QUE_THR_SUSPENDED.

row_merge_lock_table(), row_mysql_lock_table(): Remove dead code
for handling DB_QUE_THR_SUSPENDED.

row_drop_table_for_mysql(), row_truncate_table_for_mysql():
Drop the statistics as part of the data dictionary transaction.
After TRUNCATE TABLE, the statistics will be recalculated on
subsequent ha_innobase::open(), similar to how the logic after
the above-mentioned Oracle Bug#22469660 fix in
ha_innobase::commit_inplace_alter_table() works.

btr_defragment_thread(): Use a single transaction object for
updating defragmentation statistics.

dict_stats_save_defrag_stats(), dict_stats_save_defrag_stats(),
dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(),
dict_defrag_process_entries_from_defrag_pool(),
dict_stats_save_defrag_summary(), dict_stats_save_defrag_stats():
Add a parameter for the transaction.

dict_stats_empty_table(): Make public. This will be called by
row_truncate_table_for_mysql() after dropping persistent statistics,
to clear the memory-based statistics as well.

mysql-test/suite/innodb/t/innodb_stats_drop_locked.test

@@ -57,5 +57,5 @@ SELECT table_name FROM mysql.innodb_index_stats
 WHERE table_name='innodb_stats_drop_locked';
 
 --disable_query_log
-call mtr.add_suppression("Unable to delete statistics for table test.innodb_stats_drop_locked: Lock wait timeout. They can be deleted later using DELETE FROM mysql.innodb_index_stats WHERE database_name");
+call mtr.add_suppression("Unable to delete statistics for table test\\.innodb_stats_drop_locked: Lock wait");
 --enable_query_log