MDEV-31247 Assertion `c >= 0' failed in COST_MULT upon query with many joins

Problem was an overflow when calculating number of join cache refills.

mysql-test/main/optimizer_crash.test

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+--source include/have_innodb.inc
+--source include/have_sequence.inc
+
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-31247 Assertion `c >= 0' failed in COST_MULT upon query with
+--echo # many joins
+--echo #
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2);
+
+CREATE TABLE t2 (b INT) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+
+CREATE TABLE t3 (c INT) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+
+CREATE TABLE t4 (d CHAR(200), e INT, KEY(e)) ENGINE=Aria;
+INSERT INTO t4 (e) VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+
+CREATE TABLE t5 (f INT) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t5 VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6);
+
+create table t1000 engine=memory select seq from seq_1_to_1000;
+create table t2000 engine=memory select seq from seq_1_to_2000;
+
+CREATE ALGORITHM=TEMPTABLE VIEW v AS select t1000.seq
+  from t1000 ml1
+  join t1000 ml2
+  join t1000;
+
+set @@max_statement_time=10;
+--replace_regex /least \d* rows/least ### rows/
+SELECT * FROM information_schema.TABLES
+         JOIN t1000 ts
+         JOIN t1000 d1
+         JOIN t2000 d3
+         LEFT JOIN (t1 JOIN t2) ON 1
+         JOIN t1000 d5
+         JOIN t1000 PROCESSLIST
+         JOIN t1000 d2
+         JOIN t1000 event_name
+         JOIN t3
+         JOIN t4 ON ts.seq = t4.e
+         JOIN v ON ts.seq+1 = v.seq
+         JOIN t5 limit rows examined 1000;
+# Cleanup
+DROP VIEW v;
+DROP TABLE t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t1000, t2000;